فعالیت متانوژنیک در تولید بیوگاز از هضم مشترک بی‌هوازی خشک و تر زباله جامد شهری و لجن فاضلاب

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

در سال ­های اخیر، مدیریت مواد زائد شهری به یک مشکل جهانی و از مهم­ترین دغدغه ­های زیست­ محیطی تبدیل شده است. تولید انرژی به­ صورت بیوگاز، راه حلی قابل قبول و شناخته شده است. هدف از این تحقیق، تعیین نسبت اختلاط بهینه از هضم مشترک زباله شهری و لجن فاضلاب و سپس تأثیر هضم بی‌هوازی خشک و تر بر نسبت اختلاط بهینه با استفاده از بیوراکتورهای غیرپیوسته در مقیاس پایلوت بوده است. آزمایشات در هاضم ­هایی از جنس شیشه به حجم L1 و در دمای °C 37 با درصدهای مختلف جامد کل (5، 10، 15، 20 و 25 درصد) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. حجم بیوگاز تولید شده، میزان متان و تغییرات pH به­ صورت روزانه اندازه‌گیری شد. جامد کل، جامد فرار، درصد کربن و نیتروژن موجود در ماده خام و همچنین نسبت کربن به نیتروژن توسط استاندارد APHA اندازه­ گیری شد. بیشترین عملکرد متان در نسبت اختلاط زباله شهری و لجن فاضلاب 60:40 به ­دست آمد. براساس نسبت مطلوب، اثر درصدهای مختلف جامد کل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد متان در هضم تر (5 و 10 درصد جامد کل) و با بیش­ترین حذف جرم ماده فرار به‌دست آمد. هضم تر به‌طور قابل‌توجهی باعث بهبود تجزیه پسماند آلی شد به­ طوری­ که پس از 32 روز، تولید بیوگاز در 5 درصد جامد کل 9/63 درصد بیشتر از هاضم 25 درصد جامد کل بود. حداکثر تولید متان برای هاضم های 5، 10، 15 ، 20 و 25 درصد جامد کل به ­ترتیب 3/230، 8/196، 5/159، 4/129 و 3/83 mL/g VS به دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Methanogenic Activity in Biogas Production High-Solids and Liquid Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mansour Ahmadi Pirlou
  • Tarahhom Mesri Gundoshmian
Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili, Iran
چکیده [English]

Bioenergy recovery and pollution control through anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes is a promising greenhouse gas mitigation option and is considered to be a sustainable waste treatment practice. Since methane-rich biogas is the main end product of AD, methane production must be improved to maximize revenues from energy generation and hence, to make digestion facilities more profitable.
The total solids (TS) content in association with the organic loading rate is also one of the key factors that affect the performance, cost, and stability of AD systems. It has been reported that the TS content affects the following parameters: rheology and viscosity of the digester contents, fluid dynamics, clogging, and solid sedimentation that can directly influence the overall mass transfer rates within the digesters. Since the TS content is an important parameter, two main types of AD processes have been developed: liquid and high-solids AD. Liquid AD (L-AD) systems typically operate with 5-10% TS, while high-solids AD (HS-AD) refers to a process that generally operates at 15-40% TS.
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratio of co-digestion municipal solid waste and sewage sludge. Then, the effect of high-solids and liquid anaerobic digestion on the mixing ratio was investigated using pilot-scale anaerobic non-continuous bioreactors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biogas
  • Co-digestion
  • High-solids anaerobic digestion
  • Municipal solid waste
  • Sewage sludge
Ahmadi-Pirlou M, Ebrahimi-Nik M, Khojastehpour M, Ebrahimi H, “Mesophilic co-digestion of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge: Effect of mixing ratio, total solids, and alkaline pretreatment”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2017, 125, 97-104.
Angelidaki I, Alves M, Bolzonella D, Borzacconi L, Campos J, Guwy A, Kalyuzhnyi S, Jenicek P, Van Lier J, “Defining the biomethane potential (BMP) of solid organic wastes and energy crops: a proposed protocol for batch assays”, Water Science and Technology, 2009, 59 (5), 927-934.
APHA, “Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed”, American Public Health Association, 1998, Washington DC.
Bollon J, Benbelkacem H, Gourdon R, Buffière P, “Measurement of diffusion coefficients in dry anaerobic digestion media”, Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, 89, 115-119.
Bondesson P-M, Galbe M, Zacchi G, “Ethanol and biogas production after steam pretreatment of corn stover with or without the addition of sulphuric acid”, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2013, 6 (1), 11.
Borowski S, “Co-digestion of the hydromechanically separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste with sewage sludge”, Journal of Environmental Management, 2015, 147, 87-94.
Borowski S, Weatherley L, “Co-digestion of solid poultry manure with municipal sewage sludge”, Bioresource Technology, 2013, 142, 345-352.
Bouallagui H, Touhami Y, Cheikh R, Hamdi M, “Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes”, Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40 (3), 989-995.
Brown D, Li Y, “Solid state anaerobic co-digestion of yard waste and food waste for biogas production”, Bioresource Technology, 2013, 127, 275-280.
Brown D, Shi J, Li Y, “Comparison of solid-state to liquid anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic feedstocks for biogas production”, Bioresource Technology, 2012, 124, 379-386.
Capson-Tojo G, Trably E, Rouez M, Crest M, Bernet N, Steyer J-P, Delgenès J-P, Escudié R, “Methanosarcina plays a main role during methanogenesis of high-solids food waste and cardboard”, Waste Management, 2018, 76, 423-430.
Cavinato C, Bolzonella D, Pavan P, Fatone F, Cecchi F, “Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and source sorted biowaste in pilot-and full-scale reactors”, Renewable Energy, 2013, 55, 260-265.
Cesaro A, Belgiorno V, “Sonolysis and ozonation as pretreatment for anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste”, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2013, 20 (3), 931-936.
Chen X, Yan W, Sheng K, Sanati M, “Comparison of high-solids to liquid anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and green waste”, Bioresource Technology, 2014, 154, 215-221.
Chen Y, Cheng J, Creamer S, “Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: a review”, Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99 (10), 4044-4064.
Cuetos M, Fernández C, Gómez X, Morán A, “Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure with energy crop residues”, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2011, 16 (5), 1044-1052.
Deublein D, Steinhauser A, “Biogas from waste and renewable resources: an introduction”, 2011, John Wiley & Sons.
Dobslaw D, Engesser K, Störk H, Gerl T, “Low-cost process for emission abatement of biogas internal combustion engines”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 227, 1079-1092.
Duan N, Dong B, Wu B, Dai X, “High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge under mesophilic conditions: feasibility study”, Bioresource Technology, 2012, 104, 150-156.
Eliana C, Jorge R, Juan P, Luis R, “Effects of the pretreatment method on enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentability of the cellulosic fraction from elephant grass”, Fuel, 2014, 118, 41-47.
Fang W, Zhang P, Zhang G, Jin S, Li D, Zhang M, Xu X, “Effect of alkaline addition on anaerobic sludge digestion with combined pretreatment of alkaline and high pressure homogenization”, Bioresource Technology, 2014, 168, 167-172.
Fdez-Güelfo L, Álvarez-Gallego C, Sales D, García L, “Dry-thermophilic anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste: methane production modeling”, Waste Management, 2012, 32 (3), 382-388.
Grosser A, Neczaj E, “Enhancement of biogas production from sewage sludge by addition of grease trap sludge (Vol. 125)”, 2016.
Guendouz J, Buffiere P, Cacho J, Carrere M, Delgenes J-P, “High-solids anaerobic digestion: comparison of three pilot scales”, Water Science and Technology, 2008, 58 (9), 1757-1763.
Karthikeyan P, Visvanathan C, “Bio-energy recovery from high-solid organic substrates by dry anaerobic bio-conversion processes: a review”, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2013, 12 (3), 257-284.
Li Y, Park S, Zhu J, “Solid-state anaerobic digestion for methane production from organic waste”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 15 (1), 821-826.
Liao X, Li H, Cheng Y, Chen N, Li C, Yang Y, “Process performance of high-solids batch anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge”, Environmental Technology, 2014, 35 (21), 2652-2659.
Liu C-f, Yuan X-z, Zeng G-m, Li W-w, Li J, “Prediction of methane yield at optimum pH for anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste”, Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99 (4), 882-888.
Lossie U, Pütz P, “Targeted control of biogas plants with the help of FOS”, TAC. Pract. Rep. Hach-Lange, 2008.
Ma Y, Liu Y, “Turning food waste to energy and resources towards a great environmental and economic sustainability: An innovative integrated biological approach”, Biotechnology Advances.
Macias-Corral M, Samani Z, Hanson A, Smith G, Funk P, Yu H, Longworth J, “Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste and the effect of co-digestion with dairy cow manure”, Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99 (17), 8288-8293.
Ostrem M, Millrath K, Themelis J, “Combining anaerobic digestion and waste-to-energy”, Paper Presented at the 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference, 2004.
Rajagopal R, Massé I, Singh G, “A critical review on inhibition of anaerobic digestion process by excess ammonia”, Bioresource Technology, 2013, 143, 632-641.
Rao M, Singh S, “Bioenergy conversion studies of organic fraction of MSW: kinetic studies and gas yield–organic loading relationships for process optimisation”, Bioresource Technology, 2004, 95 (2), 173-185.
Siciliano A, Stillitano M, De Rosa S, “Biogas production from wet olive mill wastes pretreated with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline conditions”, Renewable energy, 2016, 85, 903-916.
Sosnowski P, Wieczorek, A, Ledakowicz S, “Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid wastes. Advances in Environmental Research”, 2003, 7 (3), 609-616.
Sung S, Liu T, “Ammonia inhibition on thermophilic anaerobic digestion”, Chemosphere, 2003, 53 (1), 43-52.
Wang Z, Xu F, Li Y, “Effects of total ammonia nitrogen concentration on solid-state anaerobic digestion of corn stover”, Bioresource technology, 2014, 144, 281-287.
Ward A, Hobbs P, Holliman P, Jones D, “Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources”, Bioresource technology, 2008, 99 (17), 7928-7940.
Weiland P, “Biogas production: current state and perspectives”, Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2010, 85 (4), 849-860.
Wickham R, Galway B, Bustamante H, Nghiem L, “Biomethane potential evaluation of co-digestion of sewage sludge and organic wastes”, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2016, 113, 3-8.
Wu G, Healy M, Zhan X, “Effect of the solid content on anaerobic digestion of meat and bone meal”, Bioresource technology, 2009, 100 (19), 4326-4331.