آنالیز اتمسفریک طوفان‎های گردوغبار در منطقه‌ آسیای مرکزی با استفاده از داده‌های سنجش از دور

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی عمران دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل

2 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، بابل

چکیده

حوضه دریای آرال در آسیای مرکزی به‌عنوان یکی از منابع فعال گردوغبار در آسیا، شناسایی شده است. در این پژوهش، آنالیز اتمسفریک 6 طوفان گردوغبار شدید بر روی منابع گردوغبار منطقه‌ آسیای مرکزی و حوضه‌ دریا‌ی آرال که در دو دهه گذشته رخ داده، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. جهت آنالیز سینوپتیک (Atmospheric Analysis) از داده‎های NCEP-NCAR شامل سرعت باد روی سطح زمین و سرعت‌ و ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل در فشار 850 هکتوپاسکال و به‌منظور شناسایی روزهای غبارساز، توده‌های گردوغبار و تخمین بار گردوغبار، از داده‌‌های عمق نوری هواویزها (AOD) (Aerosol Optical Depth) در سنجنده مودیس (MODIS) استفاده گردید. بر اساس نتایج آنالیز اتمسفریک، دو الگوی جریان برای طوفان‌های منطقه شناسایی شده است که موجب تولید طوفان‎های شدید بر روی منابع گردوغبار حوضه‌ دریا‌ی آرال و نواحی بیابانی آسیای مرکزی می‌شود. دریا‌ی خشک آرال، غرب ازبکستان، سواحل شرقی دریای خزر در قزاقستان و ترکمنستان، غرب و مرکز ترکمنستان و نواحی مرزی شمال و شمال‌شرق ایران، بیش از دیگر نواحی تحت تأثیر رویدادهای گردوغبار قرار می‌گیرند. بررسی مناطق تأثیرگذار ناشی از توده‌های گردوغبار نشان می‌دهد که دریا‌ی خشک آرال، غرب ازبکستان و مناطق غربی ترکمنستان دارای بیشترین میزان AOD و بار گردوغبار هستند. براساس مطالعات، بیشترین فعالیت‌های شدید گردوغبار در آسیای مرکزی، در بهار و تابستان، در ‌ماه‌های آوریل، می، ژوئن، جولای و آگوست، رخ داده و براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، حداکثر میزان بار گردوغبار در منطقه در مواردی به بیش از 7 گرم بر مترمربع می‌رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Atmospheric Analysis of Dust Storms in Central Asia Region Using Remote Sensing

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolhossein Rami 1
  • Mehdi Hamidi 1
  • Bahram Navayi Neya 2
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
چکیده [English]

     The Aral Sea basin in Central Asia has been identified as one of the active sources of dust in Asia. In this paper, the atmospheric analysis of 6 severe dust storms on dust sources in the Central Asian region and the Aral Sea basin over the past two decades is examined. For synoptic analysis of NCEP-NCAR data including wind speed on the ground and velocity and height of geopotential at 850 hPa and to identify dusting days, dust masses and estimating dust load, from the optical depth data of air vents in the mood sensor. Was used. Based on the results of atmospheric analysis, two flow patterns have been identified for regional storms that generate severe storms on dust sources in the Aral Sea basin and desert areas of Central Asia. The Aral Sea, western Uzbekistan, the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, western and central Turkmenistan, and the northern and northeastern border regions of Iran are most affected by dust events. A study of the affected areas caused by dust masses shows that the dry Aral Sea, western Uzbekistan and western Turkmenistan have the highest AOD and dust load. According to studies, the most intense dust activities in Central Asia occurred in spring and summer, in the months of April, May, June, July and August, and according to the results, the maximum amount of dust in the region in some cases more than Reaches from 7 grams per square meter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dust storms
  • Central asia region
  • Atmospheric analysis
  • Dust emission
  • Dust transport
  • Dust load

مراجع

Barlow M, Cullen H, Lyon B, “Drought in central and southwest asia: la niña, the warm pool, and indian ocean precipitation”, Journal of Climate, 2002, 15, 697-700. http://doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0697:DICASA>2.0.CO;2
Bou Karam D, Flamant C, Tulet P, Chaboureau JP, Dabas A, Todd MC, “Estimate of sahelian dust emissions in the intertropical discontinuity region of the west african monsoon”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114, D13106. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011444
Gabric AJ, Cropp RA, McTainsh GH, Johnston BM, Butler H, Tilbrook B, Keywood M, “Australian dust storms in 2002-2003 and their impact on Southern Ocean biogeochemistry”, Global Biogeochem, Cycles, 2010, 24, GB2005. http://doi:10.1029/2009GB003541
Gong DY, Mao R, Fan YD, “East asian dust storm and weather disturbance: possible links to the arctic oscillation”, International Journal of Climatology, 2006, 26, 1379-1396. http://doi:10.1002/joc.1324
Guo L, Fan B, Zhang F, Jin Z, Lin H, “The clustering of severe dust storm occurrence in China from 1958 to 2007”, Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres, 2018, 123, 8035-8046. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029042
Hamidi M, Kavianpour MR, Shao Y, “Synoptic analysis of dust storms in the Middle East”, Asia-Pacific J. Atmos Sci, 2013, 49, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-013-0027-9
Hamidi M, Kavianpour MR, Shao Y, “A quantitative evaluation of the 3-8 July 2009 Shamal dust storm”, Aeolian Research, 2017, 24, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2016.12.004
Hamidi M, “Atmospheric investigation of frontal dust storm in southwest asia”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Science, 2019, 55, 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-018-0083-2
Hamidi M, “The key role of water resources management in the Middle East dust events”, Catena 2020, 187, 104337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104337
Huneeus N, Basart S, Fiedler S, Morcrette JJ, Benedetti A, Mulcahy J, Terradellas E, Pérez García-Pando C, Pejanovic G, Nickovic S, Arsenovic P, Schulz M, Cuevas E, Baldasano JM, Pey J, Remy S, Cvetkovic B, “Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak towards Europe in April 2011: a model intercomparison”, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 2016, 16, 4967-4986. http://doi:10.5194/acp-16-4967-2016
Indoitu R, Orlovsky L, Orlovsky N, “Dust storms in central Asia: spatial and temporal variations”, Journal of Arid Environments, 2012, 85, 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.03.018
Indoitu R, Kozhoridze G, Batyrbaeva M, Vitkovskaya I, Orlovsky N, Blumberg D, Orlovsky L, “Dust emission and environmental changes in the dried bottom of the Aral Sea”, Aeolian. Res, 2015, 17, 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.02.004
Issanova G, Abuduwaili J, Galayeva O, Semenov O, Bazarbayeva T, “Aeolian transportation of sand and dust in the Aral Sea region”, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2015, 12, 3213-3224. http://doi:10.1007/s13762-015-0753-x
Issanova G, Abuduwaili J, “Aeolian processes as dust storms in the deserts of Central Asia and Kazakhstan”, Springer, 2017, 51-70. http://doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3190-8
Jickells TD, Spokes L, “Atmospheric iron inputs to the ocean”, The biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater, edited by D. Turner and K.A. Hunter, 2001, 85-121, John Wiley, Hoboken NJ.
Kaskaoutis DG, Houssos EE, Minvielle F, Rashki A, Chiapello I, Dumka UC, Legrand M, “Long-term variability and trends in the Caspian Sea-Hindu Kush Index: Influence on atmospheric circulation patterns, temperature and rainfall over the Middle East and Southwest Asia”, Global Planetary Change, 2018, 169, 16-33. http://doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.07.004.
Li PY, Qiang H, Howard K, Wu JH, “Building a new and sustainable ‘Silk Road economic belt’ ”, Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 74 (10), 7267-7270. http://doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4739-2
Liao H, Seinfeld JH, “Radiative forcing by mineral dust aerosols: Sensitivity to key variables”, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1998, 103, 31637-31645. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD200036
Mahowald NM, Scanza R, Brahney J, Goodale CL, Hess PG, Moore JK, Neff J, “Aerosol deposition impacts on land and ocean carbon cycles”, Current Climate Change Reports, 2017, 3, 16-31. https://doi:10.1007/s40641-017-0056-z
McDermid SS, Winter J, “Anthropogenic forcings on the climate of the Aral Sea: A regional modeling perspective”, Anthropocene, 2017, 20, 48-60. http://doi:10.1016/j.ancene.2017.03.003
McTainsh G, Strong C, “The role of aeolian dust in ecosystems”, Geomorphology, 2007, 89, 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.028
Micklin P, “The Aral Sea disaster”, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2007, 35, 47-72. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140120
Micklin P, “The past, present, and future Aral Sea”, Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, 2010, 15, 193-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2010.00437.x
Micklin P, Aladin NV, Plotnikov I, “The Aral Sea”, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2014.
Orlovsky L, Opp C, Orlovsky N, “Dust storms and dust depositions-dynamics, monitoring and case studies from Central Asia”, Marburg International Dust and Sandstorm (DDS) Symposium “DDS and Desertification”, 2009.
Rami A, Hamidi M, Neya BN, “Atmospheric analysis of dust storms in Sistan region”, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2022, 227, 105800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105800
Rashki A, Arjmand M, Kaskaoutis DG, “Assessment of dust activity and dust-plume pathways over Jazmurian Basin, southeast Iran”, Aeolian Research, 2017, 24, 145-160. http://doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2017.01.002
Schepanski K, “Dust-climate intractions. School of earth and environment”, university of Leeds, 2005, 37p.
Semenov OE, “Introduction to experimental meteorology and climatology of the sand storms”, Almaty, 2011, 580 pp (in Russian).
Shao Y, “Physics and modelling of wind erosion”, springer.com, 2008, 452 pp.
Shao Y, Kolse M, Wyrwoll K, “Recent global dust trend and connections to climate forcing”, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2013, 118, 11107-11118. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50836
Shi L, Zhang J, Yao F, Zhang D, Guo H, “Temporal variation of dust emissions in dust sources over Central Asia in recent decades and the climate linkages”, Atmospheric Environment, 2019, http://doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117176
Sokolik IN, Winker D, Bergametti G, Gillette D, Carmichael G, Kaufman Y, Gomes L, Schuetz L, Penner J, “Introduction to special section on mineral dust: outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impact of mineral dust”, Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2001, 106, 18015-18028. https://doi:10.1029/2000JD900498
Solmon F, Elguindi N, Mallet M, “Radiative and climatic effects of dust over West Africa, as simulated by a regional climate model”, Climate Research, 2012, 52, 97-113. http://doi:10.3354/cr01039
Spyrou C, Kallos G, Mitsakou C, Athanasiadis P, Kalogeri C, Iacono M, “Radiative effects of desert dust on weather and regional climate”, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 2013, 13, 1327-1365. http://doi:10.5194/acpd-13-1327-2013
Sternberg T, Edwards M, “Desert dust and health: a central Asian review and steppe case study”, International Journal of Environmental Research, 2017, Public Health 14, 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111342
Tanaka TY, Chiba M, “A numerical study of the contributions of dust source regions to the global dust budget”, Global Planetary Changes, 2006, 52, 88-104. https://doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.02.002
Todd MC, Washington R, Martins JV, Dubovik O, Lizcano G, M’Bainayel S, Engelstaedter S, “Mineral dust emission from the Bodele depression, northern Chad”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, 112, D06207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007170
Wu G, Xu B, Zhang C, Gao S, Yao T, “Geochemistry of dust aerosol over the Eastern Pamirs”, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2009, 73, 977-989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.022
Xuan J, Sokolik IN, “Characterization of sources and emission rates of mineral dust in Northern China”, Atmospheric Environment, 2002, 36, 4863-4876. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00585-X
Yang X, Wang N, Chen A, He J, Hua T, Qie Y, “Changes in area and water volume of the Aral Sea in the arid Central Asia over the period of 1960-2018 and their causes”, Catena, 2020, 191. 104566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104566
Zhang XX, Claiborn C, Lei JQ, Vaughan J, Wu SX, Li SY, Liu LY, Wang ZF, Wang YD, Huang SY, Zhou J, “Aeolian dust in Central Asia: Spatial distribution and temporal variability”, Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 238, 117734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117734
نشریه مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست
دوره 55، شماره 121 - شماره پیاپی 121
زمستان 1404
بهمن 1404
صفحه 127-144

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار