بهینه‌سازی فرآیند انتخاب پیمانکار در قانون مناقصات ایران با روش ویکور(مطالعه موردی: صنعت آب استان آذربایجان‌شرقی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه بین‌ المللی امام خمینی، قزوین

2 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه بین‌ المللی امام خمینی، قزوین

3 گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران

چکیده

انتخاب پیمانکار برای پروژه عمرانی یکی از عوامل مهم در موفقیت پروژه محسوب می‌شود. انتخاب پیمانکار در بخش عمومی یا دولتی در ایران به‌­طور سنتی مطابق قانون مناقصات صورت می­گیرد که با وجود ارزیابی کیفی مناقصه­گران، در مرحله پایانی بر پایه معیار واحد قیمت پیشنهادی پیمانکاران انجام می­گیرد که ممکن است به انتخاب بهترین پیمانکار برای پروژه منجر نشود و چه­بسا نتایج فاجعه­باری به بار بیاورد. در مطالعه حاضر، راهکاری برمبنای روش تصمیم­گیری چندمعیاره ارائه می­شود که شامل: تلفیق معیارهای مورداستفاده در ارزیابی کیفی پیمانکاران و معیار قیمت پیشنهادی، وزن­دهی معیارها براساس مقتضیات پروژه و الزامات کارفرما و رتبه­بندی پیمانکاران با تکنیک ویکور (VIKOR) برای انتخاب پیمانکار شایسته از بین گزینه­های موجود است. روش ویکور، در شرایط وجود معیارهای متناقض و نامتجانس، راه­حل‌های سازشی را برمبنای نزدیکی به جواب ایده­آل به­دست می­دهد و به تصمیم­گیرنده کمک می­کند که بر تناقضات موجود بین معیارها فائق آید. با کاربرد روش پیشنهادی در یک مثال تشریحی، قابلیت کاربرد آن در عمل نشان داده شد. تحلیل حساسیت نشان داد که اولاً تخصیص وزن بیشتر به معیار قیمت پیشنهادی (بیش از 65/0 در مثال تشریحی) ممکن است به انتخاب ضعیف­ترین پیمانکار از بین گزینه­های موجود منجر شود و ثانیاً بررسی بازه­های ثبات وزن معیارها و انطباق آن­ها با داده­های عملکردی پیمانکاران، اعتبار روش پیشنهادی را تصدیق کرد. مقایسه نتایج رتبه­بندی گزینه­ها با دو روش ویکور و تاپسیس (TOPSIS) نشان داد که کاربرد روش تاپسیس  در مثال تشریحی، امکان برنده­شدن ضعیف­ترین گزینه، در طیف وسیع­تری از وزن معیار قیمت پیشنهادی وجود دارد (بیش از 35/0).

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of Contractor Selection Process in Iranian Law of Tenders Utilizing VIKOR Method (Case Study: Water Industries in East Azerbaijan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aziz Naghizadeh Vardin 1
  • Ramin Ansari 2
  • Mohammad Khalilzadeh 3
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Contractor selection for a construction project is among the most important factors in achieving the project’s success. In Iran, contractors for construction projects in public sector are mainly selected according to Tender’s Law. Despite the fact that a quality assessment is implemented through a prequalification phase, however, in the final phase of the tender process, “the lowest bid price” criterion reigns and the contractor with the lowest proposed price is considered as the eligible contractor to whom the contract of the project is awarded. The prequalification phase eliminates many incompetent contractors from the competition process, but this does not lead to a considerable improvement in the quality of construction because no responsibility is established for a better performance and the winner of the contract keeps meeting the minimum requirements.
Contractor selection by the lowest tender is one of the main reasons for quality shortcomings, weak performance of the contractor, cost and time overruns, increasing in change orders and claims, conflicts, dissatisfaction of the client, increasing in life-cycle costs and other disorders and may finally lead to the project failure (Zavadskas et al., 2008, El-Sayegh et al., 2019, Hasnain and Thaheem, 2016, Scott, 2006). To overcome this, some multi-criteria decision-making methods have been proposed by many researchers. As a proposal for reforming the tenders’ process in the context of Iran, in this paper, VIKOR method is used for ranking of the alternatives in which “the proposed price” criterion is added to the assessment criteria which are commonly used in the prequalification phase. An illustrative example from water industries in East Azerbaijan province confirms the applicability of the proposed method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contractor Selection
  • Tender
  • Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
  • VIKOR method
  • Construction Project Management
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