Investigating the Effectiveness of Urmia Lake Different Restoration Scenarios Using a 2D Hydrodynamic Model

Authors

1 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran

2 Oceanography and climate research group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway

Abstract

Urmia lake is located in a closed basin between 37° 04’ N and 38° 17’ N latitude and 45° E and 46° E longitude in the northwest of Iran and the second extremely-largest saline lake in the world (Sima and Tajrishy, 2013). It has been recently much regarded due mainly to its dramatic area shrinkage and desiccation. The lake, because of its unique natural and ecological importance, has been considering as a National Park (Abbaspour and Nazaridoust, 2007), Ramsar Site (https://rsis.ramsar.org) and UNESCO Biosphere Reserve (http://www.unesco.org). Following the continuous drying process of Urmia Lake as well as considering its geographical and political location, livelihood, identity and historical dependency of the regional people to it, its restoration and prevention from drying up have become highlighted so far. According to several universal experiences connected with partial restoration approach and rehabilitation of the lakes coping with dryness (e.g. Micklin, 2007), Urmia Lake partial restoration is also discussed among Urmia Lake Restoration Program (http://ulrp.sharif.ir) experts. To this end, this study aims at investigating the partial restoration-related scenarios arisen through ULRP specialists using a 2D MOHID Water hydrodynamic system.

Keywords

References

دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، "سایت کمیته احیای دریاچه ارومیه"، http://ulrp.sharif.ir، 1393.
محمدی م ع، "رابطه بین تبخیر آب­های شور و شیرین و تأثیر آن روی تبخیر آب دریاچه ارومیه"، شرکت سهامی آب منطقه­ای استان آذربایجان غربی، 1383.
مرید س، سیما س، رضایی ح، "گزارش جمع­بندی تلفات / آورد در ناحیه بافرزون دریاچه ارومیه"، مرکز تحقیقات سنجش از دور دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، http://ulrpdb.sharif.ir، خرداد 1393.
مقدسی م، مرید س، دلاور م، عرب­پور ف، "رویکرد مدیریت مصرف آب بخش کشاورزی در راستای احیای دریاچه ارومیه"، تحقیقات منابع آب ایران، 1394، 11 (1).
وزارت نیرو، "گزارش مدل­سازی هیدرودینامیک دو بعدی دریاچه ارومیه"، کارگروه احیای دریاچه ارومیه، 1393.
Abbaspour M, Nazaridoust A, “Determination of environmental water requirements of Lake Urmia”, Iran: an ecological approach. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 2007, 64 (2), 161-169.
Coon William F, “Estimation of roughness coefficients for natural stream channels with vegetated banks”, US Geological Survey, 2441, 1998.
Djamali M, “A late Pleistocene long pollen record from Lake Urmia”, NW Iran, Quaternary Research, 2008, 69 (3), 413-420.
Eimanifar A, “Mohebbi F, Urmia Lake (Northwest Iran)”, A brief review. Saline Systems, 2007, 3.
Franz G, “Implementation of the Tagus Estuary Hydrodynamic Model”, 2014.
Garousi V, “Environmental crisis in Lake Urmia, Iran: a systematic review of causes”, negative consequences and possible solutions. Proceedings of the 6th International Perspective on Water Resources & the Environment (IPWE) Izmir, Turkey, 2013.
Harbeck GE, “The effect of salinity on evaporation”, Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1955.
Heidari N, Roudgar M, Ebrahimpour N, “Thermodynamic quantities and Urmia Sea water evaporation”, Saline systems, 2010, 6 (1), 1.
Janeiro J, Fernandes E, Martins F, Fernandes R, “Wind and freshwater influence over hydrocarbon dispersal on Patos Lagoon, Brazil”, Marine pollution bulletin, 2008, 56 (4), 650-665.‏
Karbassi A, “Environmental impacts of desalination on the ecology of Lake Urmia”, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2010, 36 (3), 419-424.
Mellor G, “Introduction to physical oceanography. Springer. New York. ISBN: 1996, 1-56396-210-1.
Micklin P, “The Aral sea disaster”, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 2007, 35, 47-72.
Pengra B, “The drying of Iran’s Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences”, UNEP-GRID, Sioux Falls, UNEP Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS), 2012.
Ramsar Convention, Available at: https://rsis.ramsar.org/.
Reveshty M, Maruyama Y, “Study of Uremia Lake Level Fluctuations and Predict Probable Changes Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Images and Ground Truth Data Period (1976-2010)”, Map Asia, 2010, 179-194.
Sima S, Tajrishy M, “Using satellite data to extract volume-area-elevation relationships for Urmia Lake Iran”, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2013, 39 (1), 90-99.
Stevens L, “Hydroclimatic variations over the last two glacial/interglacial cycles at Lake Urmia, Iran”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 2012, 47 (4), 645-660.
Technical University of Lisbon, Webpage: http: //www.mohid.com.
UNESCO Bioephere Reserves. Available at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/naturalsciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/.
Vaz N, Dias JM, Leitão PC, “Three-dimensional modelling of a tidal channel: the Espinheiro Channel (Portugal)”, Continental Shelf Research, 2009, 29 (1), 29-41.
Zarghami M, “Effective watershed management; case study of Urmia Lake Iran Lake and Reservoir Management”, 2011, 27 (1), 87-94.
Zeinoddini M, Tofighi MA, Vafaee F, “Evaluation of dike-type causeway impacts on the flow and salinity regimes in Urmia Lake, Iran”, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 2009, 35 (1) 13-22.
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Volume 49.2, Issue 95 - Serial Number 95
Summer of 2019
September 2019
Pages 71-81

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics