TabrizThe Impact of Water Level Changes in Dam Reservoir and the Use of Vertical Drainage Systems on the Sliding Potential of Landslides

Authors

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sahand University of Technology

Abstract

Landslides are often occurred in mountainous areas with unstable slopes. Heavy rainfall, high groundwater level and the occurrence of earthquake can be the results of this phenomena [1].
Drainage system is one of the conventional methods that can stabilize unstable slopes by lowering groundwater level and reducing pore water pressure in the slope [2]. The main task of drainage system is reducing the hydrostatic forces and the forces which are the causes of water seepage [3]. Vertical drainage system used, when the soil layers are horizontal, the slope of the landslide is light and the landslide was in large scale [4].
Now-a-days, the combination of the energy balance and Darcy equations used for assessing the distance of vertical drains from each other. Energy balance equation for groundwater flow, was first proposed by Oosterbaan and his colleagues in 1996 [5].

Keywords


[1]       Christanto, N., "Hydrological- Slope Stability Modeling for Landslide Hazard Assessment by Means of GIS and Remote Sensing Data", PhD Thesis, Gadjah Madauniversity, Indonesia, 2008.
[2]       Hui, L., "Reactivation of An Old Landslide in Response to Reservoir Impoundment and Fluctuations", PhD Thesis, University of Hong Kong, 2006.
[3]       Duncan, J. M., Wright, S. G., "Soil Strength and Slope Stability", Wiley, 2005.
[4]       Abramson, L. W., Lee, T. S., Sharma, S., Boyce, G.M., "Slope Stability and Stabilization Methods", Wiley, 2002.
[5]     طاهری، و.، امامی تبریزی، م.، بابایی، غ.،"بررسی تأثیر ضریب نفوذپذیری سنگ بستر و استفاده از زهکش­های قائم بر ضریب پایداری زمین لغزش­های باز فعال شده "، مجموعه مقالات اولین کنفرانس ملی مکانیک خاک و مهندسی پی، تهران، 1392.
[6]       Cheng, Y. M., Lau, C. K., "Slope Stability Analysis and Stabilization", CRC Press, 2008.
[7]       Pathmanathan, M. L., "Numerical Simulation of The Performance of Horizontal Drains for Subsurface Slope Stabilization", Master Thesis,. Washington state university, 2009.
[8]       Schuster, R. L., Recent Advances in Slope Stabilization, International Landslides symposium, Rotterdam, 1995, 3, pp. 1715-1745.
[9]       M.Santi, P., B. A.Crenshaw, and C.D. Elifrits, "Demonstration Projects of Using Wick Drains to Stabilize Landslides", Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 2003, 9(4),339-350.
[10]     Tiwari, B., Duarte, S., "Performance of Solpe Stabilization Works with Drainage and Buttres", Geo-Congress, San Diego, 2013, pp. 34-43.
[11]     Torrebadella, J., Lopez, C., Altimir, J., Amigo, J., Lopez, L., "Cutting D15, Stabilization of a Large Landslide in Marrakesh - Landslide Science and Practice", Springer, 2013, pp. 183-191.
[12]     Tsao, T. M., Wang, M. K., Chen, M. C., Takeuchi, Y., Matsuura, S., Ochiai, H., "A Case Study of The Pore Water Pressure Fluctuation on The slip Surface Using Horizontal Borehole Works on Drainage Well", Engineering Geology, 2005, 78(1-2), pp. 105-118.
[13]     Coles, E. D., "Some Notes on Drainage Design Procedure", Proceeding of the South African Sugar Technologists Association, 1968, pp. 189-199.
[14]     Oosterbaan, R. J., Boonstra, J., Rao, K.V.G.K. R, "The Energy Balance of Ground Water Flow", Subsurface-water hydrology, 1996, 2, pp. 153-160.
[15]     Ritzema, H. P., "Drainage Principles And Applications", International institute for land reclamation and improvement, Netherland, 1994.
[16]     Hansen, V. E., Israelsen, O. W., Stringham, G.E., "Irrigation principles and practices", 1980, Wiley.
[17]     Oosterbaan, R. J., "The Energy Balance of Groundwater Flow Applied to Subsurface Drainage in Anisotropic Soils by Pipes or Ditches with Entrance Resistance", www.waterlog.info/articles.htm, 2002.
[18]     Smedema, L. K., Woltman, W. F., Rycroft, D., "Modern Land Drainage", CRC Press, 2004.
[19]   دولت، ا.، "مدل­سازی عددی تأثیر آب بر ناپایداری زمین لغزش جناح غربی سد قلعه­چای"، پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند تبریز، 1392.
[20]     Departement of Roads, Nepal "Guide to Road Slope Protection Works", Ministry of physical planning and works, 2003.
[21]   طاهری، و. "بررسی عددی روش­های علاج بخشی ناپایداری شیروانی جناح راست سد قلعه­چای"، پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند تبریز، 1393.
[22]   دولت، ا.، امامی تبریزی، م.، بابایی، غ.،  قاسم­زاده، م.، "تعیین پارامترهای مقاومتی زمین لغزش جناح راست سد قلعه­چای توسط آنالیز برگشتی"، مجموعه مقالات هفتمین کنگره ملی مهندسی عمران، زاهدان، 1392.
[23]   دولت، ا.، امامی تبریزی، م.، "بررسی عددی تأثیر سطح آب مخزن بر زمین­لغزش جناح راست سد قلعه­چای"، مجموعه مقالات هفتمین کنگره ملی مهندسی عمران، زاهدان، 1392.
[24]     Lewis, M. A., Cheney, C. S., ODochartaigh, B. E., "Guide to Permeability Indices", British Geological Survey, 2006.
[25]     Geo-Slope International Ltd., "Seepage Modeling with SEEP/W", 2012, Canada.
[26]     Geo-Slope International Ltd., "Stability Modeling with SLOPE/W", 2012, Canada.