Investigating the Effect of Pressure-Based Hydraulic Analysis on the Quality Reliability of Water Distribution Networks as for Residual Chlorine and THM using EPANET-MSX

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School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/ceej.2025.64179.2394

Abstract

Evaluating the performance of water distribution networks based on quality parameters and the residual chlorine levels at consumption nodes is critically important. Demand-based simulation models under low-pressure conditions yield results that are far from reality. On the other hand, for water quality simulation, a single-species approach is inefficient and somewhat unrealistic since many substances interact within water distribution networks. In this paper, to accurately assess network performance regarding chlorine and trihalomethane quality parameters under normal and low-pressure conditions, a multi-species water quality simulation model, EPANET-MSX, has been developed. This developed program, referred to as EPANET-MSX-HDSM software is capable of dynamically simulating both hydraulic and water quality aspects of the network simultaneously and can be used in both normal and low-pressure conditions. The proposed model has been tested on two distribution networks including the water distribution network of Mahallat city and by utilizing the penalization curves defined for chlorine and trihalomethane, the network's reliability regarding these parameters has been assessed. Based on the results, using the developed software under low-pressure conditions can significantly impact the network's water quality reliability results. For instance, in the first sample network, under a scenario where 64% of demand is met, there is a 36% reduction in combined water quality reliability, and in the second sample network, in a scenario where 30% of demand is met compared to a scenario where 90% of demand is fulfilled, an approximate 70% reduction in this index is observed.

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Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 12 April 2025

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