Associations between Surface Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides of Ambient Air in Tabriz

Mohammadi, Nahideh; Zoroufchi Benis, Khaled; Shakeri, Masood; Shakerkhatibi, Mohammad; Fatehifar, Esmaeil; Mahmoudian, Amir

Associations between Surface Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides of Ambient Air in Tabriz

Authors

¹ Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

² Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Research Center, Sahand University of Technology

³ East Azerbaijan Department of Environment

⁴ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

⁵ Environmental Engineering Research Center, Sahand University of Technology

⁶ Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Nowadays, air pollution is one of the most concerning environmental problems in major cities all over the world. Surface ozone (O₃) as one of the most important pollutants in troposphere is one of the major components of smog and is formed through a series of photochemical reactions in the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). High oxidizing potential of ozone can lead to respiratory problems. Breathing ground-level ozone can trigger variety of health problems such as chest pain, throat and eye irritation, asthma attacks, bronchitis, emphysema and headaches. Also, high ozone concentrations deeply affect plants and cells, and impact worldwide crop and forest. In the last decade, a number of studies have been done in the case of O₃ concentration in urban areas. These studies indicate that O₃ concentration has increasing trend in major cities (Mohammadi et al., 2016; USEPA, 2013; Im et al., 2013).

Keywords

References

اصغری جعفرآبادی م، شاکرخطیبی م، ازک ر، شاکری م، "تأثیر آلودگی هوا بر پذیرش بیمارستانی با علائم تنفسی با استفاده از مدل شبکه عصبی"، مجله دانشکده بهداشت و انستیتو تحقیقات بهداشتی، 1394، (1) 13، 87-98.

محمدی ن، ظروفچی بنیس خ، شاکرخطیبی م، فاتحیفر ا، بهروزسرند ع، محمودیان ا، شیخالاسلامی ف، "پیشبینی غلظت آلایندههای گازی در هوای شهر تبریز با استفاده از شبکه عصبی"، نشریه مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، 1395، (2) 46، 87-94.

Adame JA, Lozano A, Bolívar JP, De la Morena BA, Contreras J, Godoy F, “Behavior, distribution and variability of surface ozone at an arid region in the south of Iberian Peninsula (Seville, Spain)”, Chemosphere, 2008, 70 (5), 841-849.

Bloomer BJ, Vinnikov KY, Dickerson RR, “Changes in seasonal and diurnal cycles of ozone and temperature in the eastern US”, Atmospheric Environment, 2010, 44 (21–22), 2543-2551.

Calvert JG, Orlando JJ, Stockwell WR, Wallington TJ, “The mechanisms of reactions influencing atmospheric ozone”, Oxford University Press, 2015.

Domínguez-López D, Adame JA, Hernández-Ceballos MA, Vaca F, De la Morena BA, Bolívar JP, “Spatial and temporal variation of surface ozone, NO and NO₂ at urban, suburban, rural and industrial sites in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014, 186 (9), 5337-5351.

Dueñas C, Fernández MC, Cañete S, Carretero J, Liger E, “Analyses of ozone in urban and rural sites in Málaga (Spain)”, Chemosphere, 2004, 56 (6), 631-639.

Im U, Tayanç M, Yenigün O, “Analysis of major photochemical pollutants with meteorological factors for high ozone days in Istanbul, Turkey”, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2006, 175 (1-4), 335-359.

Im U, Incecik S, Guler M, Tek A, Topcu S, Unal YS, Yenigun O, Kindap T, Odman MT, Tayanc M, “Analysis of surface ozone and nitrogen oxides at urban, semi-rural and rural sites in Istanbul, Turkey”, Science of The Total Environment, 2013, 443, 920-931.

Kirchhoff VW, “Increasing concentrations of CO and O₃ rising deforestation rates and increasing tropospheric carbon monoxide and ozone in Amazonia”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1996, 3 (4), 210-212.

Lal S, Naja M, Subbaraya BH, “Seasonal variations in surface ozone and its precursors over an urban site in India”, Atmospheric Environment, 2000, 34 (17), 2713-2724.

Latif MT, Huey LS, Juneng L, “Variations of surface ozone concentration across the Klang Valley, Malaysia”, Atmospheric Environment, 2012, 61, 434-445.

Nishanth T, Satheesh Kumar MK, Valsaraj KT, “Variations in surface ozone and NOx at Kannur: a tropical, coastal site in India”, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2012, 69 (2), 101-126.

Pudasainee D, Sapkota B, Bhatnagar A, Kim SH, Seo YC, “Influence of weekdays, weekends and bandhas on surface ozone in Kathmandu valley”, Atmospheric Research, 2010, 95 (2–3), 150-156.

Shakerkhatibi M, Mohammadi N, Zoroufchi Benis K, Behrooz Sarand A, Fatehifar E, Asl Hashemi A, “Using ANN and EPR models to predict carbon monoxide concentrations in urban area of Tabriz”, Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal, 2015, 2 (3), 117-122.

Shakerkhatibi M, Dianat I, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Azak R, Kousha A, “Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases in Iran: artificial neural network versus conditional logistic regression”, International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2015, 12, 3433-3442.

Susaya J, Kim KH, Shon ZH, Brown RJC, “Demonstration of long-term increases in tropospheric O₃ levels: Causes and potential impacts”, Chemosphere, 2013, 92 (11), 1520-1528.

Turco RP, “Earth under siege: From air pollution to global change”, Oxford University Press, 1997.

USEPA, “Ozone Pollution”, www.epa.gov/ozone-pollution, 2017.