Developing Fragility Curves for Precast Concrete Structures

Authors

Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz

Abstract

     The use of precast concrete structures - due to better quality and reduced time to build- is a suitable economic option for multi-story buildings. In many countries, prefabricated structural systems are generally very economical structures compared with other conventional residential structures.
     Prefabricated structures are classified in four categories: large panel systems, frame systems, columns - slabs together with wall systems and complex systems. The system which will be addressed in this study is the large panel system. This system can be applied to structures in which the precast load bearing walls are used as the main system to withstand large loads. As the seismic behavior of these structures severely depends on vertical and horizontal connections between panels, therefore the behavior of these connections are studied in this research. Horizontal connections are the connections which are placed horizontally and are used to connect panels laterally. Vertical connections connect upper parts of a panel to the lower parts.
     Due to the placement of the panels together, three distinct forms of structures built with prefabricated panels are classified as follows:

Keywords


]1[    سیدرزاقی، م.، "تهیه منحنی شکنندگی مخازن استوانه­ای فولادی نفت"، پایان­نامه دکتری، پژوهشگاه بین­المللی زلزله شناسی و مهندسی زلزله، تهران، ایران، 1385.
[2]      Hwang, H. M., Huo, J. R., "Probabilistic Seismic Damage assessment of Highway Bridges", The 6th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Seattle, WA, US, 1998.
[3]      Shinozuka, M., Feng, M. Q., Lee, J. H., Nagaruma, T., "Statistical analysis of Fragility Curves", Engineering Mechanics, 2000, 126 (12), 1224-1231.
[4]      Tanaka, S., Kameda, H., Nojima, N., Ohnishi, S., "Evaluation of Seismic Fragility for Highway Transportation Systems", The 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Upper Hutt, New Zealand, 2000, pp 0546.
[5]      Karim, K. R., Yamazaki, F., "Effect of Earthquake Ground Motions on Fragility curves of Highway Bridge Piers Based on Numerical Simulation", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2001, 30 (12), 1839-1856.
[6]      Tekie, P. B, Ellingwood, B. P., "Seismic Fragility Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2003, 32 (14), 2221-2240.
[7]      Lu, Y., Gu, X., Guan, J., "Probabilistic Drift Limits and Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Columns", Structural Engineering, 2005, 131 (6), 966-978.
[8]      Tavakoli, B., Tavakoli, Sh., "Estimating the Vulnerability and Loss Functions of Residential Buildings", Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 1993, 7 (2), 155-171.
]9[    پیری­زاده، م.، شکیب، ح.،"مقایسه روش­های ارزیابی کمی آسیب­پذیری ساختمان­های بنایی غیر مسلح"، پنجمین کنفرانس بین­المللی زلزله­شناسی و مهندسی زلزله، تهران، ایران، اردیبهشت، 1386.
[10]    Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), "The Study on Seismic Micro Zoning of the Greater Tehran Area in the Islamic Republic or Iran", Final Report, Centre for Earthquake and Environmental Studies of Tehran (CEST), 2000.
[11]    Mostafaei, H., Kabeyasawa, T., "Investigation and Analysis of Damage to Buildings during the 2003 Bam Earthquake", Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute, 2004, 79, 107-132.
[12]    Bakhshi, A., Karami, K., "Method of Developing Fragility Curve- A Case Study for Seismic Assessment of Masonry Buildings in Iran", The 7th International Congress on Civil Engineering, 2006.
[13]    Kircher, C. A., Nassar, A. A., Kustu, O., Holmes, W. T., "Development of Building Damage Functions for Earthquake Loss Estimation", Earthquake Spectra, 1997, 13 (4), 663-680.
[14]    Symth, A., Altay, G., Deodatis, G., Erdik, M., Franco, G., Gu lkan, P., et al., "Benefit-Cost Analysis for Earthquake Mitigation: Evaluating Measures for Apartment Houses in Turkey", Earthquake Spectra, 2004, 20 (1), 171-203.
[15]    Erberik, M. A., Elnashai, A. S., "Fragility Analysis of Flat-Slab Structures", Engineering Structures, 2004, 26, 937-948.
[16]    HAZUS, "Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology", Technical Manual, National Institute of Building for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington DC, US, 1997.
[17]    Shome, N., Cornell, C. A., "Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis of Nonlinear Structures", PhD Thesis, Stanford University, 1999.
]18[   مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن، "آیین­نامه طراحی ساختمان­ها در برابر زلزله استاندارد 2800-84، ویرایش سوم"، 1384، ص 13-24.
[19]    Kwon, O. S., Elnashai, A., "The Effect of Material and Motion Uncertainty on the Seismic Vulnerability Curve of RC Structure", Engineering Structures, 2006, 28, 289-303.
[20]    Kircil, M. S., Polat, Z., "Fragility Analysis of Mid-Rise R/C Frame Building", Engineering Structures, 2006, 28, 289-303.
[21]    Ramamoorthy, S. K, Gardoni, P., Bracci, J. M., "Probabilistic Demand Models and Fragility Curves for Reinforced Concrete Frames", Journal of Structural Engineering, 2006, 10, 1563-1571.
[22]    Soudki, K. A., Rizkalla, S. H., Leblanc, B., "Horizontal Connections for Precast Concrete Shear Walls Subjected to Cyclic Deformations, Part 1: Mild Steel Connections", PCI Journal, 1995, 34 (4), 78-96.