Estimation of Compressive Strength and Amount of Water Penetration in Concretes with Additives Using Friction Transfer Methods and Cylindrical Chamber

Authors

Technical and Engineering Faculty, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

Today, in-situ tests that are used to measure the penetration volume and mechanical characteristics of concretes have few capabilities. Therefore, methods that can directly measure the compressive strength and permeability of concrete with little damage are needed. Also, the effect of acute conditions on new materials that are widely used in Iran today to reduce the permeability of concrete should be investigated. In order to measure the permeability and depth of water penetration into concrete according to standards, it is necessary to break the sample, so in this research, a new cylindrical chamber method is used to measure the depth. Water penetration (which does not require breaking the concrete) has been used. Also, the compressive strength of concrete has been measured with the new friction transfer test (this test directly measures the compressive strength with high accuracy without breaking the concrete). Ordinary concretes, containing fibrous micro silica and micro silica, which are widely used in Iran, were used. Concretes with different strength and under freezing and melting conditions were tested with different cycles. According to the obtained results, the penetration depth and compressive strength of concrete can be measured using linear equations without the need to break the sample and with a high correlation coefficient. Also, the mentioned additive reduced the infiltration volume by about 50%. The negative effects of ice and melting are more in the beginning, but with the passage of time, the negative effects decrease. Thus, 70% of the increase in infiltrated water occurred in the first 50 cycles.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Afroughsabet V, Ozbakkaloglu T, “Mechanical and durability properties of high-strength concrete containing steel and polypropylene fibers”, Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 94, 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.051
Ahmad S, Azad AK, Loughlin KF, “A study of permeability and tortuosity of concrete”, 30th Conference on our World in Concrete and Structures, 2005, 23-30.
Akkaya A, Çağatay İH, “Investigation of the density, porosity, and permeability properties of pervious concrete with different methods”, Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 294, 123539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123539
Alsadey S, Salem M, “Influence of polypropylene fiber on strength of concrete”, American Journal of Engineering Research, 5, 2016, 223-226.
Amadi IG, Amadi-Oparaeli KI, “Effect of admixtures on strength and permeability of concrete”, The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 2018, 7, 1-7. https://doi.org/0.9790/1813-0707020107.
American Concrete Institute (ACI 544), “Tate of the art report on fiber reinforced concrete”, Reported by ACI Committee 544, ACI Structural Journal, 2002.
American Concrete Institute (ACI 211.1), “Concrete mix design, aci committee 211, standard practice for selecting proportions for normal heavyweight, and mass concrete”, 1997.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C494), “Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete”, ASTM West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2005.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM c-1202), “Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete's ability to resist chloride ion penetration”, ASTM West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1991.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM c-136-01), “Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2001.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM c-127), “Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of Coarse aggregate”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015a.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM c-128), “Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of fine aggregate”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015b.
British StandardsEN (BS 12390-2), “Testing hardened concrete, Making and curing specimens for strength tests”, 2000, Part, 2.
Cao D, Liu J, Zhou Y, Ge W, Zhang X, “Experimental study on the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on axial tension and compression performance of concrete after complete carbonization”, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2021, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8111436
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM c-666), “Standard test method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing”, ASTM West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2008.
Dashtibadfarid M, Afrasiabi M, “Low-permeability concrete: Water-to-cement ratio optimization for designing drinking water reservoirs”, International Journal of Sciences and Innovation Engineering, 2017, 2, 20-24.
Dharan DS, Lal A, “Study the effect of polypropylene fiber in concrete”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016, 3, 616-619.
Etman ZA, Ahmed TI, “Effect of freezing-thawing on concrete behavior”, Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters, 2018, 9, 21. https://doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2018.01.003
German Institute for Standardization (DIN 1048-5), “Testing concrete, testing of hardened concrete (specimens prepared in mould)”, DIN Berlin, Germany, 1991.
Ghiasvand E, Ramezanianpour A, Ramezanianpour A, “Effect of grinding method and particle size distribution on the properties of Portland-pozzolan cement”, Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 53, 547-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.072
Houaria MBA, Abdelkader M, Marta C, Abdelhafid K, “Comparison between the permeability water and gas permeability of the concretes under the effect of temperature”, Energy Procedia, 2017, 139, 725-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.278
JI T, “Preliminary study on the water permeability and microstructure of concrete incorporating nano-SiO2”, Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, 35, 1943-1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.07.004
Kaboudan A, Naderi M, Afshar MA, “The efficiency of Darcy and two-dimensional diffusion flow models to estimate water penetration into concrete”, Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 34, 102012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.102012
Kene KS, Vairagade VS, Sathawane S, “Experimental study on behavior of steel and glass fiber reinforced concrete composites”, Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering And Management Science, 2012, 2, 125-130.  https://doi.org/10.9756/BIJIEMS.1617
Kolias S, Georgiou C, “The effect of paste volume and of water content on the strength and water absorption of concrete”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 2005, 27, 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.009
Kong L, Ge Y, “Mechanism study of effect of coarse aggregate size on permeability of concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, 2015, 112, 767. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688181
Lee S-T, Park S-H, Kim D-G, Kang J-M, “Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the performance of concrete containing water-cooled and air-cooled slag”, Applied Sciences, 2021, 11, 7291. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167291
Lee J, Fenves GL, “Plastic damage for cyclic loading of concrete structures”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1998, 124 (8), 892-900. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1998)124:8(892)
Liang M, Feng K, He C, Li Y, An L, Guo WA, “Meso-scale model toward concrete water permeability regarding aggregate permeability”, Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 261, 120547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120547
Liu H, Luo G, Wei H, Yu H, “Strength, permeability, and freeze-thaw durability of pervious concrete with different aggregate sizes, porosities, and water-binder ratios”, Applied Sciences, 2018, 8, 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081217
Lubliner J, Oliver J, Oller S, Onate E, “A plastic damage model for concrete”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1989, 25, 299-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(89)90050-4
Mardani-Aghabaglou A, Tuyan M, Ramyar K, “Mechanical and durability performance of concrete incorporating fine recycled concrete and glass aggregates”, Materials and Structures, 2015, 48, 2629-2640. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0342-3
Mesbah H, Buyle-Bodin F, “Efficiency of polypropylene and metallic fibres on control of shrinkage and cracking of recycled aggregate mortars”, Construction and Building Materials, 1999, 13 439-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(99)00047-1.
Montes P, Bremner TW, Castellanos F, “Interactive effects of fly ash and CNI on corrosion of reinforced high-performance concrete”, Materials and Structures, 2006, 39, 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-005-9026-3
Mostafaei H, Kabeyasawa T, “Investigation and analysis of damage to buildings during the 2003 Bam earthquake”, Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 2004, 79, 107-132.
Naderi M, “Friction-transfer test for the assessment of in situ strength and adhesion of cementitious materials”, Construction and Building Materials, 2005, 19, 454-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.07.018
Naderi M, “Evaluating in situ shear strength of bituminous pavements”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Construction Materials, 2006, 159, 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1680/coma.2006.159.2.61
Naderi M, “Determine of concrete, stone, mortar, brick and other construction materials permeability with cylindrical chamber method”, Registration of Patent in Companies and Industrial Property Office, 2010. https://doi.org/10.22060/ceej.2020.17381.6543
Naderi M, “An alternative method for in situ determination of rock strength”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2011, 48, 1901-1905. https://doi.org/10.1139/t11-079
Naderi M, Ghodousian O, “Adhesion of self-compacting overlays applied to different concrete substrates and its prediction by fuzzy logic”, The Journal of Adhesion, 2012, 88, 848-865. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2012.705673
Naderi M, Kaboudan A, Amin AM, “Experimental and theoretical study of the effect of concrete constituent materials on the permeability of hardened concrete using “Cylindrical chamber” method”, Thesis of Kaboudan, A, Ph.D. Student. Imam Khomeini International University, Civil Department, 2020.
Naderi M, Kaboudan A, “Experimental study of the effect of aggregate type on concrete strength and permeability”, Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 37, 101928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101928
Naderi M, Kaboudan A, Kargarfard K, “Studying the compressive strength, permeability and reinforcement corrosion of concrete samples containing silica fume, fly ash and zeolite”, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 2021, 8, 25-43. https://doi.org/10.22065/jsce.2019.154574.1697
Naderi M, Saberi Varzaneh A, “Determination of compressive and flexural strengths of in-situ pozzolanic concrete containing polypropylene and glass fibers using Twist-off Method”, Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 2020, 20, 117-129. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.24766763.1399.20.5.2.6
Naderi M, Smeali Zadeh S, “Ultimate strength of concrete beams strengthened by CFRP fabric and laminates, at high and freezing temperatures”, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 2016, 48, 39-52.
Naderi M, Valibeigi R, Mir Safi SM, “Investigating the effect of kind of aggregate on strength and permeability of concrete”, Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 2018, 5, 109-126. https://doi.org/10.22065/jsce.2017.81402.1134
Ras M, “Effect of polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of normal concrete”. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2006, 34, 1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2006.110765
Saberi Varzaneh A, Naderi M, “Numerical and experimental study of in-situ methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced mortars”, AUT Journal of Civil Engineering, 2021a, 5, 269-286. https://doi.org/10.22060/ajce.2020.18319.5672
Saberi Varzaneh A, Naderi M, “Study of bond strength between polymer-modified mortars/concrete and their mechanical properties using “friction-transfer” and “pull-off” methods”, Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures, 2021b, 8, 171-184. https://doi.org/10.22075/macs.2021.20231.1251
Saberi Varzaneh A, Naderi M, “Experimental and Finite Element Study to Determine the‎ Mechanical Properties and Bond Between Repair Mortars and‎ Concrete Substrates”, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 2022, 8, 493-509. https://doi.org/10.22055/jacm.2020.32921.2101
Sadrmomtazi A, Fasihi A, “Influence of polypropylene fibers on the performance of nano-SiO2-incorporated mortar”, Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B: Engineering, 2010, 34 (4), 385-395.
Sakai Y, Yokoyama Y, Kishi T, “Relationship among the permeation rate of water into concrete, the mix design, curing, and the degree of drying”, Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2017, 15, 595-602. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.15.595
Salih SA, Al-Azaawee ME, “Effect of polypropylene fibers on properties of mortar containing crushed bricks as aggregate”, Engineering and Technology Journal, 2008, 26, 1508-1513. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.26.12.6
Singh NK, “Piracy and piratal aggressions in western indian ocean c. 1750-c”, 1850. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, 2021.
Xue W, Zhang H, Li H, Xu W, “Effect of early age loading on the subsequent mechanical and permeability properties of concrete and its mechanism analysis”, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 14, 1208-1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.051
Yuan H, Liu J, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhang Q, Ma L, “Recent advances in membrane-based materials for desalination and gas separation”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 135845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.135845
Zare Banadkoki M, “Durability Evaluation of Concrete with High-volume Recyled Materials”, 7th Annual National Concrete Conference, Tehran, 2017.
Zareei SA, Ameri F, Dorostkar F, Ahmadi M, “Rice husk ash as a partial replacement of cement in high strength concrete containing micro silica: Evaluating durability and mechanical properties”, Case Studies In Construction Materials, 2017, 7, 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2017.05.001
Zhang Y, Xu S, Fang Z, Zhang J, Mao C, “Permeability of concrete and correlation with microstructure parameters determined by 1H NMR”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4969680
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Volume 55, Issue 120 - Serial Number 120
Autumn 2025
November 2025
Pages 99-112

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics