Microstructural Examination of Effects of Organic Crude Oil Pollutant on the Geotechnical Properties and Geo-Environmental of Marl Soil of Mishan Formation

Authors

University of Hormozgan, Faculty of Engineering, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Abstract

The expansion of oil-dependent industries has caused a growing rate of oil extraction and increasing oil- and its derivatives-contaminated water and soil. The impacts and damages caused by oil pollution on human resources, water, and the environment have been very complicated. Oil and its derivates leakages into the soil can change its physical and mechanical properties. Oil-contaminated lands are thought of as the main challenge to the environment. Fuel and oil-reserve sites are common oil leak sites that may penetrate the soil. However, most Bandar Abbas refineries are situated on marl soil beds. Marl is composed of clay, and calcium carbonates of varying degrees of 20-65%, which, having been hardened, are converted into marl soil, thus becoming physically stiff and impermeable. Marl soil has high stiffness and shear strength under dry conditions, as these properties experience lower rates under wet conditions. The volatile behavior of the marl soil in water and organic pollutants makes it problematic when used in geotechnical projects. Thus, the present research takes a microstructural approach to investigate the geotechnical properties and environmental geotechnics of the marl soil contaminated with varying degrees of crude oil.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Ahmadi M, Ebadi T, Maknoon R, “Effects of crude oil contamination on geotechnical properties of sand-kaolinite mixtures”, Engineering Geology, 2021, 283,106021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106021

Alabi OA, Olukunle OF, Ojo OF, Oke JB, Adebo TC, “Comparative study of the reproductive toxicity and modulation of enzyme activities by crude oil-contaminated soil before and after bioremediation”, Chemosphere, 2022, 299, 134352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134352

Amiri M, Basereh F, “Microstructural evaluation of the effect of diesel organic pollutant on geotechnical and geoenvironmental properties of marl soil in southern Iran”, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022, 15 (13). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10472-0

Amiri M, Kalantari B, Dehghanih M, Porhonar F, Papi M, Salehian R, Taheri S, “Microstructural investigation of changes in engineering properties of heated lime-stabilized marl soil”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers- Ground Improvement, 2022, 23 (4),1-29.

        https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.20.00039

Amiri M, Salehian R, “Microstructural evaluation of the effect of initial ph on geotechnical and geoenvironmental characteristics of marl soils”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, (47), 2555–12568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06554-y

Amiri M, Dehghani M, Javadzadeh T, Taheri S, “Effects of lead contaminants on engineering properties of Iranian marl soil from the microstructural perspective”, Minerals Engineering, 2022, 176, 107310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107310

ASTM 2017, Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil ClassificationSystem), ASTM D2487-17e1, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2487-17

Benyahia S, Boumezbeur A, Lamouri B, Fagel N, “Swelling properties and lime stabilization of N'Gaous expansive marls, NE Algeria”, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2020, 170, 103895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103895

Bojnourdi SMM, Narani SS, Abbaspour M, Ebadi T, Mir Mohammad Hosseini SM, “Hydro-mechanical properties of unreinforced and fiber-reinforced used motor oil (UMO)-contaminated sand-bentonite mixtures”, Engineering Geology, 2020, 279,105886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105886

Câmara AB, Sales RV, Bertolino LC, Furlanetto RP, Rodríguez-Castellón E, De Carvalho LS, “Novel application for palygorskite clay mineral: a kinetic and thermodynamic assessment of diesel fuel desulfurization”, Adsorption 26 (2), 2020, 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111586

Chang PH, Sarkar B, “Mechanistic insights into ethidium bromide removal by palygorskite from contaminated water”, Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 278, 111586.

      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111586

Eltantawy A, Arnold IN, “Reappraisal of ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether (EGME) method for surface area estimation of clays”, European Journal of Soil Science. 1973, 24, 232-238.

        https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973. tb00759.x

Francis ML, Majodina TO, Clarke CE, “A geographic expression of the sepiolite-palygorskite continuum in soils of northwest South Africa”, Geoderma, 2020, 379, 114615.

      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114615

Han F, Singer A, Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in Arid Environments, 2007. P.O.BOX 17,3300AA Dordrecht. The Netherlands.

        https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6024-3

Hesse PR, A textbook of soil chemical analysis, Publisher, Chemical Publishing Company, 1971.

Huggett JM, “Clay Minerals. In Encyclopedia of Geology”, Academic Press, Oxford, 2021, 349. eBook ISBN: 9780081029091

Izdebska-Mucha D, Trzcińsk J, Żbik MS, Frost RL, “Influence of hydrocarbon contamination on clay soil microstructure”, Clay Minerals, 2011, 46 (1), 47-58.https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.1.47

Jedari C, Farahani M, “Permeability and Compression Characteristics of Clay Contaminated with Kerosene and Gasoil”, Environmental Science, Engineering, 2018, 1, 1-10.

Kermani M, Ebadi T, “The effect of oil contamination on the geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils”, Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal,2012,21(5), 655-671.

      http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2012.672486

Khamehchiyan M, Hossein Charkhabi A, Tajik M, “Effects of crude oil contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey and sandy soils”, Engineering Geology, 2007, 89 (3), 220-229.

      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.10.009

Khosravi E, “The influnce of oil-contamination on the stability of clayey base of storage tank”, (M.Sc. Thesis) K. N. Toosi University of Technology Technology, Tehran, 2010.

Lamas F, Irigaray C, Oteo C, Chacón J, “Selection of the most appropriate method to determine the carbonate content for engineering purposes with particular regard to marls”, Engineering Geology, 2005, 81 (1), 32-41.

        http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.07.005

Liu S, Wang X, Guo G, Yan Z, “Status and environmental management of soil mercury pollution in China: A review”, Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 277, 111-442.

        https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111442

Liu Z, Liu S, Cai Y, Fang W, “Electrical resistivity characteristics of diesel oil-contaminated kaolin clay and a resistivity-based detection method”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3964-7

Okafor UC, “Evaluation of the Impact of Crude Oil Contamination on Soil’s Physicochemical Characteristics, Micro-flora and Crop Yield”, Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution, 2023, 3 (1), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v3i1.132

Ouhadi VR, Yong RN, Mohamed AMO, “Formation of ettringite as a swelling mineral on stabilized marl soil”, Proceeding of the 1th Conference on Civil Engineering by Iranian Students in Canada, Montreal, 1996, 131-138.

        http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.01.009

Ouhadi VR, Fakhimjoo MS, Omid Naeini ST, “The comparison of plastic and permeability behavior of bentonite in the presence of organic and heavy metal contaminants”, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017, 46.4 (85), 25-36.

Ouhadi V, Aghaei Z, Behnia K, “Impact of initial hydration of bentonite on its plasticity properties change in interaction with organic contaminant”, Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2020, 22 (3), 1-12.

        https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2018.11648.2031

Popoola LT, Yusuff AS, “Optimization and characterization of crude oil contaminated soil bioremediation using bacteria isolates: Plant growth effect”, South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 37, 206-213.

      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2021.06.004

Riggio G, “What is a hydrocarbon chain? sciencing com”, from https://sciencing.com/hydrocarbon-chain-15056.html, 2021.

Rodríguez Cuervo LS, “Index properties, mineralogy composition and strength of clay soil with the presence of diesel”, SN Applied Sciences, 2018, 1 (1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-018-0092

Safehian H, Rajabi AM, Ghasemzadeh H, “Effect of diesel-contamination on geotechnical properties of illite soil”, Engineering Geology, 2018, 241, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.04.020

Salimnezhad A, Soltani-Jigheh H, Soorki AA, “Effects of oil contamination and bioremediation on geotechnical properties of highly plastic clayey soil”, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 13(3), 653-670.

        https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.11.011

Shahidi M, Farrokhi F, Asemi F, “Changes in physical and mechanical properties of gas oil& contaminated clayey sand after addition of clay nanoparticles”, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2019, 145 (4), 04019004.

      https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.000150

Swaroop SS, Rani V, “Effect of oil contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey soil”, International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2015, 13 (3), 640-655.

      https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTCONV3IS29072

Wang S, Ren H, Lian W, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang T, Kong LB, “Purification and dissociation of raw palygorskite through wet ball milling as a carrier to enhance the microwave absorption performance of Fe3O4”, Applied Clay Science, 2020, 200, 105915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105915

Zhou J, Xu X, Huang G, Li W, Wei Q, Zheng J, Han F, “Oil degradation and variation of microbial communities in contaminated soils induced by different bacterivorous nematodes species”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2022, 229, 113079.

        http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113079

Vakili AH, Salimi M, Shamsi M, “Application of the dynamic cone penetrometer test for determining the geotechnical characteristics of marl soils treated by lime”, Heliyon, 2021, 7 (9), e08062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08062

VU KA, Mulligan CN, “An Overview on the treatment of oil pollutants in soil using synthetic and biological surfactant foam and nanoparticles”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24, 1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031916

Wang M, Zhang B, Li G, Wu T, Sun D, “Efficient remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using a solvent/surfactant system”, RSC Advances, 2019, 9 (5), 2402-2411.

https://doi.org/10.10392Fc8ra09964b

Wells RC, “The solubility of calcit in water in contact with the atmosphere and its variation with temperature”, Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 1915, 5, 617-622.

      http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-003-0501-y

Yu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Guo J, Xu W, Ma M, Li X, “Remediation of crude oil-polluted soil by the bacterial rhizosphere community of suaeda salsa revealed by 16S rRNA Genes”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17 (5), 1471.

      https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051471

Zhang J, Yang L, Wang Y, Wu H, Cai J, Xu S, “Molecular dynamics simulation on the interaction between palygorskite coating and linear chain alkane base lubricant”, Coatings, 2021, 11 (3), 286.

https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030286

Zhang R, Zhou Z, Ge W, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhang L, Yang W, Dai J, “Superhydrophobic sponge with the rod-spherical microstructure via palygorskite-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of vinyltriethoxysilane for oil-water separation”, Applied Clay Science, 2020, 199, 105872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.1058

References

Ahmadi M, Ebadi T, Maknoon R, “Effects of crude oil contamination on geotechnical properties of sand-kaolinite mixtures”, Engineering Geology, 2021, 283,106021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106021
Alabi OA, Olukunle OF, Ojo OF, Oke JB, Adebo TC, “Comparative study of the reproductive toxicity and modulation of enzyme activities by crude oil-contaminated soil before and after bioremediation”, Chemosphere, 2022, 299, 134352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134352
Amiri M, Basereh F, “Microstructural evaluation of the effect of diesel organic pollutant on geotechnical and geoenvironmental properties of marl soil in southern Iran”, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022, 15 (13). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10472-0
Amiri M, Kalantari B, Dehghanih M, Porhonar F, Papi M, Salehian R, Taheri S, “Microstructural investigation of changes in engineering properties of heated lime-stabilized marl soil”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers- Ground Improvement, 2022, 23 (4),1-29.
        https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.20.00039
Amiri M, Salehian R, “Microstructural evaluation of the effect of initial ph on geotechnical and geoenvironmental characteristics of marl soils”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, (47), 2555–12568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06554-y
Amiri M, Dehghani M, Javadzadeh T, Taheri S, “Effects of lead contaminants on engineering properties of Iranian marl soil from the microstructural perspective”, Minerals Engineering, 2022, 176, 107310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107310
ASTM 2017, Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil ClassificationSystem), ASTM D2487-17e1, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2487-17
Benyahia S, Boumezbeur A, Lamouri B, Fagel N, “Swelling properties and lime stabilization of N'Gaous expansive marls, NE Algeria”, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2020, 170, 103895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103895
Bojnourdi SMM, Narani SS, Abbaspour M, Ebadi T, Mir Mohammad Hosseini SM, “Hydro-mechanical properties of unreinforced and fiber-reinforced used motor oil (UMO)-contaminated sand-bentonite mixtures”, Engineering Geology, 2020, 279,105886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105886
Câmara AB, Sales RV, Bertolino LC, Furlanetto RP, Rodríguez-Castellón E, De Carvalho LS, “Novel application for palygorskite clay mineral: a kinetic and thermodynamic assessment of diesel fuel desulfurization”, Adsorption 26 (2), 2020, 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111586
Chang PH, Sarkar B, “Mechanistic insights into ethidium bromide removal by palygorskite from contaminated water”, Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 278, 111586.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111586
Eltantawy A, Arnold IN, “Reappraisal of ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether (EGME) method for surface area estimation of clays”, European Journal of Soil Science. 1973, 24, 232-238.
        https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973. tb00759.x
Francis ML, Majodina TO, Clarke CE, “A geographic expression of the sepiolite-palygorskite continuum in soils of northwest South Africa”, Geoderma, 2020, 379, 114615.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114615
Han F, Singer A, Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in Arid Environments, 2007. P.O.BOX 17,3300AA Dordrecht. The Netherlands.
        https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6024-3
Hesse PR, A textbook of soil chemical analysis, Publisher, Chemical Publishing Company, 1971.
Huggett JM, “Clay Minerals. In Encyclopedia of Geology”, Academic Press, Oxford, 2021, 349. eBook ISBN: 9780081029091
Izdebska-Mucha D, Trzcińsk J, Żbik MS, Frost RL, “Influence of hydrocarbon contamination on clay soil microstructure”, Clay Minerals, 2011, 46 (1), 47-58.https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.1.47
Jedari C, Farahani M, “Permeability and Compression Characteristics of Clay Contaminated with Kerosene and Gasoil”, Environmental Science, Engineering, 2018, 1, 1-10.
Kermani M, Ebadi T, “The effect of oil contamination on the geotechnical properties of fine-grained soils”, Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal,2012,21(5), 655-671.
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2012.672486
Khamehchiyan M, Hossein Charkhabi A, Tajik M, “Effects of crude oil contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey and sandy soils”, Engineering Geology, 2007, 89 (3), 220-229.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.10.009
Khosravi E, “The influnce of oil-contamination on the stability of clayey base of storage tank”, (M.Sc. Thesis) K. N. Toosi University of Technology Technology, Tehran, 2010.
Lamas F, Irigaray C, Oteo C, Chacón J, “Selection of the most appropriate method to determine the carbonate content for engineering purposes with particular regard to marls”, Engineering Geology, 2005, 81 (1), 32-41.
        http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.07.005
Liu S, Wang X, Guo G, Yan Z, “Status and environmental management of soil mercury pollution in China: A review”, Journal of Environmental Management, 2021, 277, 111-442.
        https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111442
Liu Z, Liu S, Cai Y, Fang W, “Electrical resistivity characteristics of diesel oil-contaminated kaolin clay and a resistivity-based detection method”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3964-7
Okafor UC, “Evaluation of the Impact of Crude Oil Contamination on Soil’s Physicochemical Characteristics, Micro-flora and Crop Yield”, Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution, 2023, 3 (1), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v3i1.132
Ouhadi VR, Yong RN, Mohamed AMO, “Formation of ettringite as a swelling mineral on stabilized marl soil”, Proceeding of the 1th Conference on Civil Engineering by Iranian Students in Canada, Montreal, 1996, 131-138.
        http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.01.009
Ouhadi VR, Fakhimjoo MS, Omid Naeini ST, “The comparison of plastic and permeability behavior of bentonite in the presence of organic and heavy metal contaminants”, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017, 46.4 (85), 25-36.
Ouhadi V, Aghaei Z, Behnia K, “Impact of initial hydration of bentonite on its plasticity properties change in interaction with organic contaminant”, Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology, 2020, 22 (3), 1-12.
        https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2018.11648.2031
Popoola LT, Yusuff AS, “Optimization and characterization of crude oil contaminated soil bioremediation using bacteria isolates: Plant growth effect”, South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 37, 206-213.
      https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2021.06.004
Riggio G, “What is a hydrocarbon chain? sciencing com”, from https://sciencing.com/hydrocarbon-chain-15056.html, 2021.
Rodríguez Cuervo LS, “Index properties, mineralogy composition and strength of clay soil with the presence of diesel”, SN Applied Sciences, 2018, 1 (1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-018-0092
Safehian H, Rajabi AM, Ghasemzadeh H, “Effect of diesel-contamination on geotechnical properties of illite soil”, Engineering Geology, 2018, 241, 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.04.020
Salimnezhad A, Soltani-Jigheh H, Soorki AA, “Effects of oil contamination and bioremediation on geotechnical properties of highly plastic clayey soil”, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 13(3), 653-670.
        https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.11.011
Shahidi M, Farrokhi F, Asemi F, “Changes in physical and mechanical properties of gas oil& contaminated clayey sand after addition of clay nanoparticles”, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2019, 145 (4), 04019004.
      https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.000150
Swaroop SS, Rani V, “Effect of oil contamination on geotechnical properties of clayey soil”, International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2015, 13 (3), 640-655.
      https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTCONV3IS29072
Wang S, Ren H, Lian W, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang T, Kong LB, “Purification and dissociation of raw palygorskite through wet ball milling as a carrier to enhance the microwave absorption performance of Fe3O4”, Applied Clay Science, 2020, 200, 105915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105915
Zhou J, Xu X, Huang G, Li W, Wei Q, Zheng J, Han F, “Oil degradation and variation of microbial communities in contaminated soils induced by different bacterivorous nematodes species”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2022, 229, 113079.
        http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113079
Vakili AH, Salimi M, Shamsi M, “Application of the dynamic cone penetrometer test for determining the geotechnical characteristics of marl soils treated by lime”, Heliyon, 2021, 7 (9), e08062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08062
VU KA, Mulligan CN, “An Overview on the treatment of oil pollutants in soil using synthetic and biological surfactant foam and nanoparticles”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24, 1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031916
Wang M, Zhang B, Li G, Wu T, Sun D, “Efficient remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil using a solvent/surfactant system”, RSC Advances, 2019, 9 (5), 2402-2411.
https://doi.org/10.10392Fc8ra09964b
Wells RC, “The solubility of calcit in water in contact with the atmosphere and its variation with temperature”, Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 1915, 5, 617-622.
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-003-0501-y
Yu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Guo J, Xu W, Ma M, Li X, “Remediation of crude oil-polluted soil by the bacterial rhizosphere community of suaeda salsa revealed by 16S rRNA Genes”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, 17 (5), 1471.
      https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051471
Zhang J, Yang L, Wang Y, Wu H, Cai J, Xu S, “Molecular dynamics simulation on the interaction between palygorskite coating and linear chain alkane base lubricant”, Coatings, 2021, 11 (3), 286.
https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030286
Zhang R, Zhou Z, Ge W, Wang Y, Yin X, Zhang L, Yang W, Dai J, “Superhydrophobic sponge with the rod-spherical microstructure via palygorskite-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of vinyltriethoxysilane for oil-water separation”, Applied Clay Science, 2020, 199, 105872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.1058
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Volume 54.1, Issue 114 - Serial Number 114
Spring 2024
June 2024
Pages 1-12

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