Influence of different pushover loading patterns on nonlinear response of concrete bridges with piers of unequal height

Authors

1 Civil Engineering- Babol Noshirvani University of Tevhnology

2 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

Abstract

Pushover is a non-linear static process, where a lateral load defined by a different load pattern than before, which represents the inertial forces in a particular earthquake, is defined as increasing uniformly until it reaches the target displacement or destruction. In this analysis, the overall force intensity has changed, but the load pattern remains the same until the end of the analysis, so the results of the Pushover analysis are highly sensitive to the applied load pattern. In the traditional Pushover analysis, uniform distribution, the response is only considered under the influence of the first mode assuming that it does not change, if the constant force distribution cannot be used in the distribution of internal forces due to the yielding of the structure and the changes related to the vibration characteristics, including the increase the participation of higher modes in the response of the structure gives a correct estimate. Therefore, in order to develop and include the effect of higher modes, three new load pattern examples are proposed in the analysis of concrete bridge with continuous straight deck and piers of different height. The pattern of uniformly distributed lateral loads based on the FEMA-273 regulation, the upper band method, the modal spectral composition, and the second method of modal composition of the patterns used here. Based on the results of this research, in short bridges, the modal combination method, and in long bridges, the spectral modal combination method have created the closest estimation of the response parameters among other methods.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Aviram A, Mackie KR, Stojadinnvic B, “Guidelines for nonlinear analysis of bridge structures in California”, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 2008.

Bhandari M, Bharti SD, Shrimali MK, Datta TK, “Assessment of proposed lateral load patterns in pushover analysis for base-isolated frames”, Engineering Structures, 2018, 175, 531-548. doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.080

Chapter4, “Seismic design and retrofit”, 2012, WSDOT Bridge Design Manual.

Chiorean CG, “Application of pushover analysis on reinforced concrete bridge model”, 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behavior of Irregular and Complex Structures, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2003.

CSI Analysis Reference Manual for CsiBridge, University of Berkeley, California, USA, 2010.

Jara JM, Raya G, Olmos BA, Martinez G, “Applicability of equivalent linearization methods to irregular isolated bridges”, Engineering Structures, 2017, 141, 495-511.

        doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.052

Kalkan, E, Kunnath SK, “Lateral load distribution in nonlinear static procedures for seismic design”, Journal of Structures, 2005.

      doi.org/10.1061/40700(2004)77

Liu Y, Kuang J, Shang, Y, Terry YP, “Modal‐based ground motion selection procedure for nonlinear response time history analysis of high‐rise buildings”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 2020, 49 (1), 95-110. doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3232

Mander JB, Preiestly MJN, Park R, “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 1988, 114 (8), 1804-1825. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)

Maroney BH, Chai YH “Bridge abutment stiffness and strength under earthquake loadings”, Proceedings, 2nd International Workshop on the Seismic Design of Bridges, Queenstown, New Zealand, 1994.

Pinho R, Casarotti C, Antoniou S, “A comparison of single-run pushover analysis techniques for seismic assessment of bridges”, Engineering Structures, 2007, 30, 1335-1345.

      doi.org/10.1002/eqe.684

Pinho R, Casarotti C, Monteiro R, “An adaptive capacity spectrum method and other nonlinear static procedures applied to the seismic assessment of bridges”, 1st US-Italy Seismic Bridge Workshop, the European Center for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE), Pavia, Italy, 2007.

Priestley MJN, Seible F, Calvi CM, “Seismic design and retrofit of bridges”, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, Canada, 1996, 163-168.

Restrepo JCO, “Displacement-based design of continuous concrete bridges under transverse seismic excitation”, Master of Science, European School for Advanced Studies in Reduction of Seismic Risk, Italy, 2007.

doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2013.802813

Rofooei FR, Mirjalili MR, Attari KA, “Modal spectra combination method for pushover analysis of special steel moment resisting frames”, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2012, 10, (4), 245-252. doi.org/10.1002/tal.1378

Symans MD, Shattarat NK, McLean DI, Cofer WF, “Evaluation of displacement-based methods and computer software for seismic analysis of highway bridges”, Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pullman, 2003.

Thakkar SK, “Indian seismic codes on bridges: challenges and issues for development”,‏ ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 2020, Paper No. 554, 57 (2), 79-85.

Ahmadi H, Lotfollahi-Yaghin MA, Shao YB, “Chord-side SCF distribution of central brace in internally ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints: A geometrically parametric study”, Thin-Walled Structures, 2013, 70 (3), 93-105. doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2013.04.011

References

Aviram A, Mackie KR, Stojadinnvic B, “Guidelines for nonlinear analysis of bridge structures in California”, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, 2008.
Bhandari M, Bharti SD, Shrimali MK, Datta TK, “Assessment of proposed lateral load patterns in pushover analysis for base-isolated frames”, Engineering Structures, 2018, 175, 531-548. doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.080
Chapter4, “Seismic design and retrofit”, 2012, WSDOT Bridge Design Manual.
Chiorean CG, “Application of pushover analysis on reinforced concrete bridge model”, 4th European Workshop on the Seismic Behavior of Irregular and Complex Structures, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2003.
CSI Analysis Reference Manual for CsiBridge, University of Berkeley, California, USA, 2010.
Jara JM, Raya G, Olmos BA, Martinez G, “Applicability of equivalent linearization methods to irregular isolated bridges”, Engineering Structures, 2017, 141, 495-511.
        doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.03.052
Kalkan, E, Kunnath SK, “Lateral load distribution in nonlinear static procedures for seismic design”, Journal of Structures, 2005.
      doi.org/10.1061/40700(2004)77
Liu Y, Kuang J, Shang, Y, Terry YP, “Modal‐based ground motion selection procedure for nonlinear response time history analysis of high‐rise buildings”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 2020, 49 (1), 95-110. doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3232
Mander JB, Preiestly MJN, Park R, “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 1988, 114 (8), 1804-1825. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)
Maroney BH, Chai YH “Bridge abutment stiffness and strength under earthquake loadings”, Proceedings, 2nd International Workshop on the Seismic Design of Bridges, Queenstown, New Zealand, 1994.
Pinho R, Casarotti C, Antoniou S, “A comparison of single-run pushover analysis techniques for seismic assessment of bridges”, Engineering Structures, 2007, 30, 1335-1345.
      doi.org/10.1002/eqe.684
Pinho R, Casarotti C, Monteiro R, “An adaptive capacity spectrum method and other nonlinear static procedures applied to the seismic assessment of bridges”, 1st US-Italy Seismic Bridge Workshop, the European Center for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE), Pavia, Italy, 2007.
Priestley MJN, Seible F, Calvi CM, “Seismic design and retrofit of bridges”, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, Canada, 1996, 163-168.
Restrepo JCO, “Displacement-based design of continuous concrete bridges under transverse seismic excitation”, Master of Science, European School for Advanced Studies in Reduction of Seismic Risk, Italy, 2007.
doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2013.802813
Rofooei FR, Mirjalili MR, Attari KA, “Modal spectra combination method for pushover analysis of special steel moment resisting frames”, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2012, 10, (4), 245-252. doi.org/10.1002/tal.1378
Symans MD, Shattarat NK, McLean DI, Cofer WF, “Evaluation of displacement-based methods and computer software for seismic analysis of highway bridges”, Washington State Transportation Center (TRAC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pullman, 2003.
Thakkar SK, “Indian seismic codes on bridges: challenges and issues for development”,‏ ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 2020, Paper No. 554, 57 (2), 79-85.
Ahmadi H, Lotfollahi-Yaghin MA, Shao YB, “Chord-side SCF distribution of central brace in internally ring-stiffened tubular KT-joints: A geometrically parametric study”, Thin-Walled Structures, 2013, 70 (3), 93-105. doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2013.04.011
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Volume 54.1, Issue 114 - Serial Number 114
Spring 2024
June 2024
Pages 180-189

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