Numerical Study of In- Site Tests for Pile Capacity Estimation

Authors

1 School of Civil Engineering, member of Institute of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

2 School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Pile capacity estimation by conventional design equations is not so accurate. Beside of uncertainty of geotechnical parameters and the defect of design equations, during pile installation, soil is highly disturbed. In pile foundation projects, it is necessary to confirm pile capacity by in-situ tests. Many methods proposed to perform in-situ such as static pile loading test, pile driving formulas based on penetration and rebound of pile during driving and wave equation method. Among these methods, the use of pile driving formula is the easiest and the most economical method. Hiley formula is the only pile driving formula that uses pile rebound in combination with pile penetration for pile capacity estimation. Static pile loading is the most accurate and also expensive test. Evaluation of capacity by wave equation method is newer than static loading and Hiley formula and with moderate accuracy and cost. In this research, by numerical simulating of pile driving and pile loading, the results of the mentioned methods (Hiley formula, Wave equation, pile loading test) will be compared.
.

In this paper, Hiley formula has been evaluated using numerical simulation of pile driving and variation of penetration and rebound of pile. Then, the pile capacity estimation using Hiley equation based on penetration and rebound of pile obtained from numerical simulation. The pile capacity has also been calculated by Case method using force and velocity of pile head obtained from numerical simulation. In addition to numerical simulation of pile driving, static pile loading test has been numerically simulated and its results have been used in estimation of pile capacity.

According to these results, the trend of capacity variation in static pile loading, modified Hiley formula and Case methods are all, to some extent, in good agreement with the results of design equations. However, capacity values obtained from Hiley formula and Case method are, almost in all cases, higher than capacity by static loading test and design equation.

Keywords


Allin R, Likins G, Honeycutt J, “Pile Driving Formulas Revisited”, In Fcee 2015, 1052-1063.
American Petroleum Institute (API), “Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms-Working Stress Design”, 2000.
Azizi F, “Applied Analyses in Geotechnics: Practical Aspect of a Finite Element Mesh Related to Foundation”, E & FN Spon, 1999, p731.
Bullock Paul J, “Advantages of dynamic pile testing”, Full-Scale Testing and Foundation Design: Honoring Bengt H, Fellenius, 2012, 694-709.
Chellis O, “Pile Foundations”, Mc Graw-Hill, 1961, 704 pp,.
Fellenius Bengt H, “Test loading of piles and new proof testing procedure”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 101.ASCE# 11551 Proceeding, 1975.
Fleming WGK, Weltman AJ, Randolph MF, Elson WK, “Piling Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
Hiley A, “Pile-Driving Calculations with Notes on Driving Forces and Ground Resistances”, Structural Engineer, Landon, Vol-8, 246-259, 278-288, 1930.
Khodaparast M, Fakher A, “Pile Bearing Capacity Estimation by Loading Test”, Geotechnics and Strength of Materials Journa, 1377, 80, 12-27.
Likins GE, Fellenius BH, Holtz RD, “Pile driving formulas: Past and present”, In Full-Scale Testing and Foundation Design: Honoring Bengt H. Fellenius, 2012, 737-753.
Mabsout ME, Reese LC, Tassoulas JL, “Study of Pile Driving By Finite-Element Method”, ASCE, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1995, 535-543.
Mohan D, “Pile Foundation”, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, 1990.
Poulos HG, Davis EH, “Pile Foundation Analysis and Design”, John Wiley & Sons, 1990, 397 pp.
Rajagopal C, Solanki CH, Tandel, YK, “Comparison of static and dynamic load test of pile”, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17, 2012, 1905-1914.
Randolph MF, “Science and empiricism in pile foundation design”, Geotechnique, 2003, 53, 10, 847-875.
Rosenvinge T, Acheampong K, Kidd J, “Capacity Testing for Deep Foundations”, Structure Magazine, 2004, 14-16.
Salgado R, Zhang Y, Abou-Jaoude G, Loukidis D, Bisht V, “Pile driving formulas based on pile wave equation analyses”, Computers and Geotechnics, 2017, 81, 307-321.
Singh A, “Modern Geotechnical Engineering”, CBS Publishers & Distributors; 3 edition, 2006, 846.
Shooshpasha I, Saeedi B, “Evaluation of the Frictional Behavior of Pile in Sandy Soil Using Loading Test”, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Volume 46, Issue 3, Autumn 2016.
Shooshpasha I, Sharafkhah M, “The Analytical and Experimental Study on the Settlement of Cast‐in‐ Situ Concrete Piles in Sand”, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Volume 43, Issue 4, Autumn 2014.
Triantafyllidis T, “On the application of the Hiley formula in driving long piles”, Geotechnique, 2001, 51, 10, 891-895.
Ulrich S, “Geotechnical Engineering Handbook”, Volume 3, Ernest & Son a Wiley Company, 2003.
Yahyazadeh F, “A Simple Method for Estimating Pile Bearing Capacity during Driving in Iran's Marine Environment”, Msc thesis, 1377.
Zhussupbekov A, Omarov A, “Modern advances in the field geotechnical testing investigations of pile foundations”, Procedia Engineering, 165, 88-95, 2016.