بررسی میزان انتشار و نحوه‌ پراکندگی آلاینده‌های حاصل از خودروهای شهر تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه تبریز

2 Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement (LIVE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

چکیده

آلودگی هوای ناشی از خودروها، یکی از بحران‌های آلودگی هوا در شهرهای پرجمعیت دنیا و ایران است. شرایط جغرافیایی خاص شهر تبریز به عنوان یکی از شهرهای پرجمعیت ایران و قطب تجاری و صنعتی بخش شمال‌غرب کشور، آلودگی هوا در این شهر را تشدید می‌کند. در این مطالعه انتشارات حاصل از ناوگان خودروهای سواری شخصی، تاکسی و اتوبوس با استفاده از مدل انتشار IVE مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و مدل پراکندگی AERMOD به منظور بررسی نحوه‌ پراکندگی آلاینده‌ها و محاسبه‌ درصد اختلاف نتایج پیش‌بینی شده با مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده مورد استفاده قرارگرفت. در حالت کلی، در حدود 6/3 میلیون خودروی شخصی، تاکسی و اتوبوس شهری در سطح شهر تبریز در حال تردد هستند که %7/58، %9/27 و %4/13 از این تعداد به ترتیب در خیابان‌های مسکونی، شریانی و بزرگراهی انجام می‌گیرد. میزان انتشار روزانه حاصل از این ناوگان‌ها در حدود 4/10812 تن می‌باشد که %2 از آن را انتشارات استارت تشکیل می‌دهد. آلاینده‌های CO، CH4، NOx و VOCs با سهم %8/82، %27/11، %18/4 و %52/1 از کل آلاینده‌های روزانه، بیش­ترین میزان انتشار را داشته و در نتیجه این آلاینده‌ها بالاترین ضرایب انتشار (به ترتیب با میزان 185/4، 57/0، 212/0 و 051/0 تن در هر کیلومتر) را دارند. خودروهای سواری شخصی، تاکسی و اتوبوس به ترتیب عامل انتشار %3/94، %9/3 و %8/1 از کل انتشارات هستند. مدل پراکندگی AERMOD غلظت آلاینده‌های CO، NOx، SOx و PM2.5 به ترتیب به طور متوسط با %6/140، %6/126، %64 - و %5 اختلاف از مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده در ایستگاه‌های پایش کیفیت هوا پیش‌بینی کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Emissions and Dispersion of Pollutants from Cars in Tabriz City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Khazini 1
  • Mina Jamshidi Kalajahi 1
  • Nadège Blond 2
1 Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz
2 Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement (LIVE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
چکیده [English]

Air pollution caused by mobile sources is one of the most important problems in the most populated cities of the world and Iran. But most developing countries are not able to accurately identify and determine the composition and amount of the emission from vehicles and evaluation of them, which restricts local policymakers to adopt appropriate policies and decisions. Mobile sources of Tabriz, Iran with about 0.5 million number and the predicted share of about 72% of air pollution (Kahforooshan and Fatehifar, 2013), are the most important source of air pollution in the city, although no studies have been done in this area. In this study, the IVE emission model was used to calculate the amount of emissions from passenger cars, taxis and buses, and the AERMOD model was used to investigate the dispersion manner of CO, NOx, SOx, and PM2.5 pollutants and compare the predicted results by the model and measured values at air quality monitoring station sites.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mobile source
  • Vehicle
  • IVE model
  • AERMOD dispersion model
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