University of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122The Effect of Zeolite, Silica Fume and Metakaolin on Workability Behavior and Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)The Effect of Zeolite, Silica Fume and Metakaolin on Workability Behavior and Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)176903FAJamalAhmadiFaculty of Civil Engineering
University of Zanjan, ZanjanAhmadBigdeloZzanjan UniversityMehdiSoleimani RadZanjan UniversityJournal Article20171227Progress in concrete technology has led to the advancement of a new type of concrete, which is known as self-consolidating concrete or self-compacting concrete (SCC). It is a highly flowing concrete that spreads through dense reinforcement, reaches every corner of the formwork, and is consolidated under its own weight without vibration or any other means of compaction. Nowadays SCC is becoming more popular and demandable worldwide due to its workability and efficiency (El Mir et al. 2015 and Khayat. 1999). <br />Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes always contain a powerful superplasticizer and often use a large quantity of filler materials and/or viscosity-modifying admixtures. The superplasticizer is necessary for producing a highly fluid concrete mix, while the filler materials or viscosity agents are required to maintain sufficient stability/cohesion of the mixture, hence reducing bleeding, segregation and settlement (Elyamany et al., 2014). <br />The present work aims to study the effect of filler types on workability behavior and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC).Progress in concrete technology has led to the advancement of a new type of concrete, which is known as self-consolidating concrete or self-compacting concrete (SCC). It is a highly flowing concrete that spreads through dense reinforcement, reaches every corner of the formwork, and is consolidated under its own weight without vibration or any other means of compaction. Nowadays SCC is becoming more popular and demandable worldwide due to its workability and efficiency (El Mir et al. 2015 and Khayat. 1999). <br />Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes always contain a powerful superplasticizer and often use a large quantity of filler materials and/or viscosity-modifying admixtures. The superplasticizer is necessary for producing a highly fluid concrete mix, while the filler materials or viscosity agents are required to maintain sufficient stability/cohesion of the mixture, hence reducing bleeding, segregation and settlement (Elyamany et al., 2014). <br />The present work aims to study the effect of filler types on workability behavior and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC).https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6903_61f4f9a194c3ad1e709bf37f8f0317bb.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122Use of Soft Calculations at Estimation and Prediction of Environmental Flow Discharge (Case Study: Khorkhoreh Chay River)Use of Soft Calculations at Estimation and Prediction of Environmental Flow Discharge (Case Study: Khorkhoreh Chay River)9226904FAJavadBehmaneshFaculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia, IranSomayehMostafaviFaculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia, IranSarvinZamanzad GhavidelFaculty of Agriculture, University of UrmiaJournal Article20171227Recently, according to the water crisis, special ecological conditions of Urmia lake and the importance of predicting and estimating the environmental requirement of rivers in the Urmia lake watershed, the present study was carried out in the Zarrinerud river basin. It is noted that the Zarrinerud river supplies the majority of water for urmia lake. This research is presented in two main sections. The first part predicts the monthly flow at the station without data using two intelligent methods including ANFIS and GEP. In the second section, the estimation of environmental flow was done through two methods of FDC shifting and DRM. <br /> Recently, according to the water crisis, special ecological conditions of Urmia lake and the importance of predicting and estimating the environmental requirement of rivers in the Urmia lake watershed, the present study was carried out in the Zarrinerud river basin. It is noted that the Zarrinerud river supplies the majority of water for urmia lake. This research is presented in two main sections. The first part predicts the monthly flow at the station without data using two intelligent methods including ANFIS and GEP. In the second section, the estimation of environmental flow was done through two methods of FDC shifting and DRM. <br /> https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6904_ff5921233b909d210bf7225f9eb62e46.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122Comparison of Performance-based Seismic Behavior Parameters of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames for Near and Far Fault EarthquakesComparison of Performance-based Seismic Behavior Parameters of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames for Near and Far Fault Earthquakes23326905FAMortezaRaziSemnan UniversityMohsenGeramiSemnan UniversityRezaVahdaniFaculty of Civil and Environmenatal Engineering.Journal Article20171227Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are efficient lateral load resisting systems with great capacity to dissipate seismic input energy. However, the near fault ground motions may impose severe damage to BRBF structures in comparison with ordinary ground motions. The results of previous researchers have proved that the modification of response spectrum cannot solely capture this effect. This paper suggests that behavour factor should be modified for near fault ground motions. In this paper, the behavior factor is evaluated for BRBF structures under near and far fault excitations, for Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP) limit states. The performance-based behavior factor can be used for design of structures in near and far fault regions. <br /> Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are efficient lateral load resisting systems with great capacity to dissipate seismic input energy. However, the near fault ground motions may impose severe damage to BRBF structures in comparison with ordinary ground motions. The results of previous researchers have proved that the modification of response spectrum cannot solely capture this effect. This paper suggests that behavour factor should be modified for near fault ground motions. In this paper, the behavior factor is evaluated for BRBF structures under near and far fault excitations, for Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP) limit states. The performance-based behavior factor can be used for design of structures in near and far fault regions. <br /> https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6905_74f88b8a3cb342e4ded90ce79fe9f78b.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122The Soil Parameters Effects on the Optimum Face Pressure of Mechanized Tunnels in Cohesive SoilsThe Soil Parameters Effects on the Optimum Face Pressure of Mechanized Tunnels in Cohesive Soils33456906FAAmir HassanRezaeiFaculty of Engineering, University of Azarbaijan Shahid MadaniSaeedBabaeiFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of TabrizJournal Article20171227 Estimating the pressure required to support the tunnel face is one of the most important factors regarding safe and optimal excavation using mechanized tunnel boring machines in urban areas. Applying a pressure more or less than the balance to the face would cause collapse and blow out in the tunnel face respectively. This pressure depends on several factors such as soil type and its engineering specifications, TBM type, underground water conditions, excavation method, amount of surcharge and tunnel section area. In this paper, the influence of soil elasticity modulus, cohesion and friction angle on the optimum amount of face pressure in cohesive soil were studied in different underground water conditions. For this purpose, a 3D finite element model was used employing the ABAQUS software (Ver. 6.14). The main construction aspects and all main elements of mechanised excavation were modelled: TBM shield, concrete tunnel lining, over-excavation, tail gap grouting and progressive hardening of the cement based grout. More than 130 3D models were analyzed and optimum pressure in the tunnel face was determined through measurement the amount of induced average displacement in the tunnel face. In the other word, for various elasticity modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle different values of face pressure were applied in tunnel face and corresponding tunnel face average displacement were measured for each state. Estimating the pressure required to support the tunnel face is one of the most important factors regarding safe and optimal excavation using mechanized tunnel boring machines in urban areas. Applying a pressure more or less than the balance to the face would cause collapse and blow out in the tunnel face respectively. This pressure depends on several factors such as soil type and its engineering specifications, TBM type, underground water conditions, excavation method, amount of surcharge and tunnel section area. In this paper, the influence of soil elasticity modulus, cohesion and friction angle on the optimum amount of face pressure in cohesive soil were studied in different underground water conditions. For this purpose, a 3D finite element model was used employing the ABAQUS software (Ver. 6.14). The main construction aspects and all main elements of mechanised excavation were modelled: TBM shield, concrete tunnel lining, over-excavation, tail gap grouting and progressive hardening of the cement based grout. More than 130 3D models were analyzed and optimum pressure in the tunnel face was determined through measurement the amount of induced average displacement in the tunnel face. In the other word, for various elasticity modulus, cohesion, and internal friction angle different values of face pressure were applied in tunnel face and corresponding tunnel face average displacement were measured for each state.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6906_3f342ea38b3cc94d8b4f7c338392a31f.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122A Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of K-Braced Cold Formed Steel FramesA Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of K-Braced Cold Formed Steel Frames47586909FAHosseinTajmir RiahiDepartment of Civil and Transportation Engineering, University of IsfahanMehranZaynalianDepartment of Civil and Transportation Engineering, University of IsfahanAminRabieiDepartment of Civil and Transportation Engineering, University of IsfahanJournal Article20171230The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) members as the main framing elements in a structure is becoming more accepted in the housing industry, especially in low rise residential buildings, due to its unique advantages such as being cost-effective, light-weight and very easy to work with. One of commercially utilized types of lateral resistant systems for CFS structures is the K-braced system. Despite the research performed on this kind of bracing system, still there are many parameters that their influences on the lateral performances of the walls under static and dynamic loading have not been studied. Hence, more research work is required in order to clarify the many different aspects of the seismic performance of K-braced CFS shear walls, including rational estimation of the response modification factor, R, as well as the achievable ductility and strength.The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) members as the main framing elements in a structure is becoming more accepted in the housing industry, especially in low rise residential buildings, due to its unique advantages such as being cost-effective, light-weight and very easy to work with. One of commercially utilized types of lateral resistant systems for CFS structures is the K-braced system. Despite the research performed on this kind of bracing system, still there are many parameters that their influences on the lateral performances of the walls under static and dynamic loading have not been studied. Hence, more research work is required in order to clarify the many different aspects of the seismic performance of K-braced CFS shear walls, including rational estimation of the response modification factor, R, as well as the achievable ductility and strength.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6909_3cfe2044b619a1582f6308a71ed3b7b1.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122Performance Removal Nitrate and Phosphate from Treated Municipal Wastewater Using Phragmites Australis and Typha Latifolia Aquatic PlantsPerformance Removal Nitrate and Phosphate from Treated Municipal Wastewater Using Phragmites Australis and Typha Latifolia Aquatic Plants59676911FAMohsenSalehzadehFaculty of Agriculture, Water Engineering, Urmia UniversityHosseinRezaieFaculty of Agriculture, Water Engineering, Urmia UniversityJournal Article20171230It is known that ingredients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are the main nutrition elements for all living beings and plants; however the release of such ingredients into the water, which is the result of agricultural and industrial activity and can be found in urban sewage, is among the most menacing factor concerning the quality of water (Chang et al., 2009). Lagoon system can omit BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorous also metals and other rare ingredients and pathogens. This system has a hyperactive biological activity, since there are different ilk if plants and species within the soil compound. This ilk can lead to the filtration of sewage and improvement of sewage quality (Kadlec and Brix, 1994). Aquatic shrub like Phragmites australis and Typha are used in countries like Egypt, Thailand and Japan under different conditions for purificationof sewage (Tang et al., 2009).It is known that ingredients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are the main nutrition elements for all living beings and plants; however the release of such ingredients into the water, which is the result of agricultural and industrial activity and can be found in urban sewage, is among the most menacing factor concerning the quality of water (Chang et al., 2009). Lagoon system can omit BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorous also metals and other rare ingredients and pathogens. This system has a hyperactive biological activity, since there are different ilk if plants and species within the soil compound. This ilk can lead to the filtration of sewage and improvement of sewage quality (Kadlec and Brix, 1994). Aquatic shrub like Phragmites australis and Typha are used in countries like Egypt, Thailand and Japan under different conditions for purificationof sewage (Tang et al., 2009).https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6911_73cb4dded4d04b100961f9fdb68eaf46.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122Determine of Modified Analytical Model of Hydraulic Performance of Ram-PumpsDetermine of Modified Analytical Model of Hydraulic Performance of Ram-Pumps69806912FARezaFatahi-AlkouhiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of TechnologyBabakLashkar-AraDepartment of Civil Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of TechnologyJournal Article20171230Hydraulic Ram pump is a device which works without any external energy, and uses to pump water to a considerable height by using renewable energy of water hammer. Mechanism of ram pump cycle produces the water hammer phenomenon and managements of its energy for pumping water. Simple and inexpensive system, use of renewable energy and environmental sustainability, extended the hydraulic ram pump system in third world countries especially. The ram pump system has different component. The supply source of water including springs, rivers and natural streams, drive pipe with definite length and diameter and it has the task of transferring water from the supply source to the ram pump device, set of the ram pump consists two movable valves (impulse valve and delivery valve) and an air chamber. The delivery pipe has the task of transferring the pumping water to the tank storage. The ram pump performance is such that after doing the alternative cycle, a portion of input discharge is pumped to the delivery head.Hydraulic Ram pump is a device which works without any external energy, and uses to pump water to a considerable height by using renewable energy of water hammer. Mechanism of ram pump cycle produces the water hammer phenomenon and managements of its energy for pumping water. Simple and inexpensive system, use of renewable energy and environmental sustainability, extended the hydraulic ram pump system in third world countries especially. The ram pump system has different component. The supply source of water including springs, rivers and natural streams, drive pipe with definite length and diameter and it has the task of transferring water from the supply source to the ram pump device, set of the ram pump consists two movable valves (impulse valve and delivery valve) and an air chamber. The delivery pipe has the task of transferring the pumping water to the tank storage. The ram pump performance is such that after doing the alternative cycle, a portion of input discharge is pumped to the delivery head.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6912_812ec63614e3cadc82e95b663b3754d7.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122Evaluation of the Static and Seismic Passive Lateral Earth Pressure for c- Soils using the Stress Characteristics MethodEvaluation of the Static and Seismic Passive Lateral Earth Pressure for c- Soils using the Stress Characteristics Method81926914FAAminKeshavarzPersian Gulf UniversityZahraPooresmaeilPersian Gulf UniversityJournal Article20171230The Stress Characteristics Method (SCM) or slip line method is a rigorous method to solve geotechnical engineering problems. This method has been used in many geotechnical engineering problems. Although SCM has been used in previous researches to evaluate the seismic passive lateral earth pressure, however, previous researchers have not considered all of the parameters of cohesion and friction angle of the soil, soil-wall interface adhesion and friction angle, ground surface slope, wall slope, surcharge, stress discontinuity and horizontal and vertical pseudo-static seismic coefficients. In this study, all of the aforementioned parameters are considered and closed-form equations have been presented in the special cases.The Stress Characteristics Method (SCM) or slip line method is a rigorous method to solve geotechnical engineering problems. This method has been used in many geotechnical engineering problems. Although SCM has been used in previous researches to evaluate the seismic passive lateral earth pressure, however, previous researchers have not considered all of the parameters of cohesion and friction angle of the soil, soil-wall interface adhesion and friction angle, ground surface slope, wall slope, surcharge, stress discontinuity and horizontal and vertical pseudo-static seismic coefficients. In this study, all of the aforementioned parameters are considered and closed-form equations have been presented in the special cases.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6914_ff2692466166b1707ad4c93f357a1847.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122The Effect of Strips Width of Elliptic Slit Damper on the Seismic Performance of Beam-to-Column ConnectionThe Effect of Strips Width of Elliptic Slit Damper on the Seismic Performance of Beam-to-Column Connection951046915FASaeedFarahi ShahriDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and BaluchestanSeyed RoohollahMousaviUniversity of Sistan and BaluchestanJournal Article20171230The rigid steel connections were suffered severe damage because of low rotational capacity during earthquakes. Therefore, many investigations have been performed on the connections of steel structures. In order to prevent brittle failure of connections and damage of main structural members, steel slit dampers are used in the beam-to-column connections (Oh et al., 2009). Slit damper is a plate or a standard section with a number of slits in the web. The remaining strips in the web of damper, dissipate the seismic energy with inelastic deformation absorption and also prevent seismic energy transmission to the main structural members. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of strips width of elliptic slit damper on the seismic performance of beam-to-column connection.The rigid steel connections were suffered severe damage because of low rotational capacity during earthquakes. Therefore, many investigations have been performed on the connections of steel structures. In order to prevent brittle failure of connections and damage of main structural members, steel slit dampers are used in the beam-to-column connections (Oh et al., 2009). Slit damper is a plate or a standard section with a number of slits in the web. The remaining strips in the web of damper, dissipate the seismic energy with inelastic deformation absorption and also prevent seismic energy transmission to the main structural members. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of strips width of elliptic slit damper on the seismic performance of beam-to-column connection.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6915_c5f7b55c0d1aa22bdb32844ebf8f84e0.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918478820171122Probably Contamination Seepage Through Abutment of the Tailing Dam of Sungun Cu-Mo Mine Using of Geotechnical Characteristics and Groundwater Hydrogeochemical EvidencesProbably Contamination Seepage Through Abutment of the Tailing Dam of Sungun Cu-Mo Mine Using of Geotechnical Characteristics and Groundwater Hydrogeochemical Evidences1051136916FAAbdorrezaVaezi-hirFaculty of Natural Sciences, University of TabrizYounesJowdat SaidabadFaculty of Natural Sciences, University of TabrizJournal Article20171230Pollution of groundwater from the sources such as waste disposal sites, is a worldwide problem. Mining of mineral ores and disposal of resulting waste pose a significant risk to ground water. Sungun copper mine tailings dams in East Azarbaijan province is located in basin Zarnekab (a brunch of Ahar chay main basin). This tailing dam supply storage of 270 million cubic meters for semi-solid waste. With a final height of 186 meters. This dam is a kind of upward tailings dam with clay core and current height of 115 meters. Any leak from tailing dams can be an environmental hazard specially if there is a main river like Aras is in the downstream. This is an investigation on the probable leak from abutments of Sungun tailing dam using geotechniques and hydrochemical evidences, which the latter rarely used for such investigations.Pollution of groundwater from the sources such as waste disposal sites, is a worldwide problem. Mining of mineral ores and disposal of resulting waste pose a significant risk to ground water. Sungun copper mine tailings dams in East Azarbaijan province is located in basin Zarnekab (a brunch of Ahar chay main basin). This tailing dam supply storage of 270 million cubic meters for semi-solid waste. With a final height of 186 meters. This dam is a kind of upward tailings dam with clay core and current height of 115 meters. Any leak from tailing dams can be an environmental hazard specially if there is a main river like Aras is in the downstream. This is an investigation on the probable leak from abutments of Sungun tailing dam using geotechniques and hydrochemical evidences, which the latter rarely used for such investigations.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_6916_7046b60ebd20a42b392ab40868ccc8c2.pdf