University of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121Determining the Effective of Resting Pool Area in Vertical Slot Fishways Type 1 to Pass Chinook SalmonDetermining the Effective of Resting Pool Area in Vertical Slot Fishways Type 1 to Pass Chinook Salmon112850410.22034/ceej.2019.8504FASamanBaharvandFaculty of Civil Engineering, Jundi-shapur University of Technology, DezfulBabakLashkar-AraDepartment of Civil Engineering, Jundi-Shapur University of TechnologyJournal Article20190213In the present paper, results of a numerical study on the Effect of Resting Pool Area in Vertical Slot Fishways Type 1 to Pass Chinook Salmon are presented. Finite Volume Method was used to simulate the hydraulic of this type of fishway. Some observations have also been made on the turbulent energy and velocity magnitude distribution along the width of the fishway channel. The analysis results were used to present the ability of chinook salmon to pass the fishway and to establish a new set of resting pool area equations.In the present paper, results of a numerical study on the Effect of Resting Pool Area in Vertical Slot Fishways Type 1 to Pass Chinook Salmon are presented. Finite Volume Method was used to simulate the hydraulic of this type of fishway. Some observations have also been made on the turbulent energy and velocity magnitude distribution along the width of the fishway channel. The analysis results were used to present the ability of chinook salmon to pass the fishway and to establish a new set of resting pool area equations.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8504_008d8c07534cd26ef8c2875e207a37c6.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121Effect of Fuzziness in Layer Boundaries on the Bearing Capacity of Footing on Two-layered ClaysEffect of Fuzziness in Layer Boundaries on the Bearing Capacity of Footing on Two-layered Clays1323850510.22034/ceej.2019.8505FAAbdolhoseinHaddadFaculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan UniversityDavoodAzanFaculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan UniversityJournal Article20190213 The present paper utilizes Fuzzy Logic for generating a field of two-layered clay with considering fuzziness in the layer boundaries. The bearing capacity of footings on this field is then calculated by using numerical finite difference method. This will produce design guidelines for accounting fuzziness in the layer boundaries for footings resting on two-layered clay. <br /> The present paper utilizes Fuzzy Logic for generating a field of two-layered clay with considering fuzziness in the layer boundaries. The bearing capacity of footings on this field is then calculated by using numerical finite difference method. This will produce design guidelines for accounting fuzziness in the layer boundaries for footings resting on two-layered clay. <br /> https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8505_f687f73348537946b4e07a9b2c74fc6d.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121A Numerical Study on the Bearing Capacity of Neighboring Shallow Foundations on SandA Numerical Study on the Bearing Capacity of Neighboring Shallow Foundations on Sand2533850610.22034/ceej.2019.8506FAMohammad AliShokoohi GhahfarokhiSchool of Engineering, Shiraz UniversityMehdiVeiskaramiSchool of Engineering, Shiraz UniversityNaderHatafSchool of Engineering, Shiraz UniversityJournal Article20190213There are a few attempts attributed to the bearing capacity or the settlement of neighboring foundations. Such foundations are often frequently confronted in urban areas where the footings of adjacent buildings are inevitably placed close to each other. Once it happens, the interaction of the stress influenced zones of neighboring footings causes the failure to be initiated often later than that of a singular footing and this effect is sometimes called “blocking” (e.g. Stuart, 1962; Hataf and Naderi, 2014). This research is focused on the study of the bearing capacity of multiple shallow foundations. This problem represents the problem of the neighboring shallow foundations placed closely spaced over the ground surface. A numerical study by means of the finite element technique has been made and the results are first verified with an experimental study conducted by (Kumar and Bhoi, 2008) and then, a systematic analysis has been performed to present some design charts.There are a few attempts attributed to the bearing capacity or the settlement of neighboring foundations. Such foundations are often frequently confronted in urban areas where the footings of adjacent buildings are inevitably placed close to each other. Once it happens, the interaction of the stress influenced zones of neighboring footings causes the failure to be initiated often later than that of a singular footing and this effect is sometimes called “blocking” (e.g. Stuart, 1962; Hataf and Naderi, 2014). This research is focused on the study of the bearing capacity of multiple shallow foundations. This problem represents the problem of the neighboring shallow foundations placed closely spaced over the ground surface. A numerical study by means of the finite element technique has been made and the results are first verified with an experimental study conducted by (Kumar and Bhoi, 2008) and then, a systematic analysis has been performed to present some design charts.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8506_d0a771fd1318b377276d45db16da3f67.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121The Effect of Stabilized Clayey Soil with Tire Chips on Piled Raft Foundation BehaviorThe Effect of Stabilized Clayey Soil with Tire Chips on Piled Raft Foundation Behavior3541850710.22034/ceej.2019.8507FAIssaShooshpashaFaculty of Civil Engineering, Noushirvani University of TechnologyAlirezaRoshanFaculty of Civil Engineering of A.B.A Institute of Higher Education, AbyekJournal Article20190213 In conventional design of pile foundations, all loads are taken by the piles, i.e. the contact pressure between the raft and the soil is neglected. In the last decades, geotechnical engineers have started to take this pressure into account in design of pile foundation. Such a foundation, where the raft and the piles interact to transfer the loads to the ground, is in this dissertation called piled raft foundation or piled raft.<br /> Waste tires, rubbers and plastic materials, normally produced in every society, enter the environment and cause serious problems. These problems may, to some extent, be reduced by finding applications for them in engineering, for example,they can be used for geotechnical applications as backfill material and solving problems with low shear strength soils like clayey soil. Therefore, this experimental work has been performed to investigate the influence of randomly oriented fiber inclusion on the geotechnical behavior of clayey soils. In general, some characteristic properties of tire materials are the low density, high elasticity, low stiffness and high drainage capacity. These properties open up possibilities for utilization of the material in an innovative manner. By adding small quantities of rubber chips in the soils, the natural elasticity of rubber could help lower the stiffness of the stabilized material and introduce more flexibility in the final stabilized columnar system. In conventional design of pile foundations, all loads are taken by the piles, i.e. the contact pressure between the raft and the soil is neglected. In the last decades, geotechnical engineers have started to take this pressure into account in design of pile foundation. Such a foundation, where the raft and the piles interact to transfer the loads to the ground, is in this dissertation called piled raft foundation or piled raft.<br /> Waste tires, rubbers and plastic materials, normally produced in every society, enter the environment and cause serious problems. These problems may, to some extent, be reduced by finding applications for them in engineering, for example,they can be used for geotechnical applications as backfill material and solving problems with low shear strength soils like clayey soil. Therefore, this experimental work has been performed to investigate the influence of randomly oriented fiber inclusion on the geotechnical behavior of clayey soils. In general, some characteristic properties of tire materials are the low density, high elasticity, low stiffness and high drainage capacity. These properties open up possibilities for utilization of the material in an innovative manner. By adding small quantities of rubber chips in the soils, the natural elasticity of rubber could help lower the stiffness of the stabilized material and introduce more flexibility in the final stabilized columnar system.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8507_d6df90293e92ca55662192a360e0e0fd.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121The Degradation of Phenol in Water Solution by Immobilized Tio2 PhotocatalysisThe Degradation of Phenol in Water Solution by Immobilized Tio2 Photocatalysis4349850810.22034/ceej.2019.8508FAElahehFaghih NasiriDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, BabolDaryoushYousefi KebriaNoshirvani Institute of Technology
Director of Caspian Sea National Research CenterFarhadQaderiFaculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, BabolJournal Article20190213The use of unconventional water is very effective in solving dehydration problems. The studies on these sources have shown that concentrations of some pollutants are higher than standard, but by employing different methods the researchers would eliminate the pollutants. The use of photocatalyst is a novel method for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions(Ehrampoosh et al., 2011, Konstantinou and Albanis, 2004).In this research, the photocatalytic process of titanium dioxide stabilized on the surface of plexiglass in the removal of phenol in different pH levels (3, 7 and 11) and different powers of ultraviolet radiation (25, 50, 75 and 100 watts) was comprehensively investigated.The use of unconventional water is very effective in solving dehydration problems. The studies on these sources have shown that concentrations of some pollutants are higher than standard, but by employing different methods the researchers would eliminate the pollutants. The use of photocatalyst is a novel method for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions(Ehrampoosh et al., 2011, Konstantinou and Albanis, 2004).In this research, the photocatalytic process of titanium dioxide stabilized on the surface of plexiglass in the removal of phenol in different pH levels (3, 7 and 11) and different powers of ultraviolet radiation (25, 50, 75 and 100 watts) was comprehensively investigated.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8508_30705811fa5eb233a1ee679171cd17c1.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121Back Analysis of Tabarakabad Embankment Dam Using Monitoring and Numerical Model ResultsBack Analysis of Tabarakabad Embankment Dam Using Monitoring and Numerical Model Results5162850910.22034/ceej.2019.8509FASoheilGharehDepartment of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor UniversityRezaNowroozzadePayame Noor UniversityJournal Article20190213Dams have an essential role in development of economic and water supply in Iran. In addition, due to annual decline in rainfall and hydropower production requirement, water resources management is one of the most important issues. It is worth noting the construction of dam, not only supply the required water of farmers, but also prevents the occurrence of floods devastating and incidence of drought in low rainfall season. After the destruction of the Teton Dam in 1976, which lead to deaths of several people and losses of several hundred million dollars, it was proposed to be placed instruments in body of dams to identify and warn behavior such as seepage or settlement. By studying the results of instrumentations and evaluate the changes of reading data during the time, it’s possible to identify the phenomena that lead to erosion or destruction of dam and prevent from happening of these events or minimize the potential damages (Beiranvand et al., 2013). Currently, numerical modeling and geotechnical software are used to analyzed and designing geotechnical structures which their results can be compared with information are recorded by instrumentations. Recent studies indicate this technique is one of the most suitable methods to estimate soil dams behaviors, as lots of numerical models provide an acceptable estimation of displacement and stress values in embankment dams.Dams have an essential role in development of economic and water supply in Iran. In addition, due to annual decline in rainfall and hydropower production requirement, water resources management is one of the most important issues. It is worth noting the construction of dam, not only supply the required water of farmers, but also prevents the occurrence of floods devastating and incidence of drought in low rainfall season. After the destruction of the Teton Dam in 1976, which lead to deaths of several people and losses of several hundred million dollars, it was proposed to be placed instruments in body of dams to identify and warn behavior such as seepage or settlement. By studying the results of instrumentations and evaluate the changes of reading data during the time, it’s possible to identify the phenomena that lead to erosion or destruction of dam and prevent from happening of these events or minimize the potential damages (Beiranvand et al., 2013). Currently, numerical modeling and geotechnical software are used to analyzed and designing geotechnical structures which their results can be compared with information are recorded by instrumentations. Recent studies indicate this technique is one of the most suitable methods to estimate soil dams behaviors, as lots of numerical models provide an acceptable estimation of displacement and stress values in embankment dams.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8509_39b33c3f8f3b91b7672d07f813004aec.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121Seismic Performance Assessment of RC MRF Buildings on Shallow Foundations Incorporating Soil-Structure InteractionSeismic Performance Assessment of RC MRF Buildings on Shallow Foundations Incorporating Soil-Structure Interaction6377851010.22034/ceej.2019.8510FAAliMohamadiFaculty of Engineering, University of KashanHosseinTahghighiFaculty of Engineering, University of KashanJournal Article20190213For the structure resting on a flexible medium, the dynamic response of the structure will be different from the fixed-base condition owing to the interaction between the soil and the structure. Nevertheless, the common practice in seismic performance assessment assumes that structures are fixed to their base, which maybe a realistic hypothesis only when these are founded on relatively solid rock or very stiff soil. In the case of a flexible-base structure, in addition to the added rocking component to the horizontal motion of the structure, a part of the structure’s vibrating energy will transmit to the soil layer and can be dissipated due to radiation damping resulting from the wave propagation and hysteresis damping of the soil materials (Lou et al., 2011). Soil-structure interaction (SSI) are generally shown to be more pronounced in the case of soft soil formations and high-rise structures modifying considerably the dynamic characteristics of the building and finally its response (Tahghighi and Rabiee, 2017). The objective of the present research is to study whether SSI may affect the seismic performance and vulnerability of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame (MRF) buildings.For the structure resting on a flexible medium, the dynamic response of the structure will be different from the fixed-base condition owing to the interaction between the soil and the structure. Nevertheless, the common practice in seismic performance assessment assumes that structures are fixed to their base, which maybe a realistic hypothesis only when these are founded on relatively solid rock or very stiff soil. In the case of a flexible-base structure, in addition to the added rocking component to the horizontal motion of the structure, a part of the structure’s vibrating energy will transmit to the soil layer and can be dissipated due to radiation damping resulting from the wave propagation and hysteresis damping of the soil materials (Lou et al., 2011). Soil-structure interaction (SSI) are generally shown to be more pronounced in the case of soft soil formations and high-rise structures modifying considerably the dynamic characteristics of the building and finally its response (Tahghighi and Rabiee, 2017). The objective of the present research is to study whether SSI may affect the seismic performance and vulnerability of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame (MRF) buildings.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8510_f444b73586cf40333ca2b318e3728f97.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121Seismic Behavior of Eccentrically Braced Frames with Vertical Links made of Easy-Going SteelSeismic Behavior of Eccentrically Braced Frames with Vertical Links made of Easy-Going Steel7987851110.22034/ceej.2019.8511FAElhamNouriFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Shahid Rajaee Teacher TrainingMussaMahmoudiFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Shahid Rajaee Teacher TrainingJournal Article20190213 In order to reduce the seismic demand and enhancement the ductility capacity, vertical link beams as a ductile element are used in eccentrically braced frames. During the earthquake, vertical link beams dissipate the energy by forming nonlinear deformations in their plastic region while the other members remain in the elastic range. In EGS, the percentages of carbon and other alloys are very low. EGS has high ductility. The most ductile kind of easy-going steel has a nominal yielding stress between 90-110 MPa and its Young’s modulus is equal to that of normal steel. In Fig. 1, the stress-strain curve of this steel is compared to that of normal steel. If the vertical link beam is made of EGS, which yields at smaller stress compared to the normal steel, its performance and energy absorption will improve as shown in Fig. 2. In order to reduce the seismic demand and enhancement the ductility capacity, vertical link beams as a ductile element are used in eccentrically braced frames. During the earthquake, vertical link beams dissipate the energy by forming nonlinear deformations in their plastic region while the other members remain in the elastic range. In EGS, the percentages of carbon and other alloys are very low. EGS has high ductility. The most ductile kind of easy-going steel has a nominal yielding stress between 90-110 MPa and its Young’s modulus is equal to that of normal steel. In Fig. 1, the stress-strain curve of this steel is compared to that of normal steel. If the vertical link beam is made of EGS, which yields at smaller stress compared to the normal steel, its performance and energy absorption will improve as shown in Fig. 2.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8511_0dabc495c94bb45c9f5400f3378caaf4.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489319700101Environmental Impact Assessment of Irrigation Network Implementation on Triple EnvironmentsEnvironmental Impact Assessment of Irrigation Network Implementation on Triple Environments91101851210.22034/ceej.1970.8512FAParisa-SadatAshoftehDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of QomOmidBozorg-HaddadDepartment of Irrigation & Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, KarajJournal Article19700101The present study investigates the EIA on the implementation of Shahriyar Dam irrigation network design on the physical, biological, and social, economic and cultural components. In this research, the Leopold matrix method is used for EIA. This method can be cost effective in time, cost and volume due to quantitative design results. One of the important innovations of this research is in the type of the case study. In this study, the environmental impacts assessment of irrigation network of Shahriar dam is evaluated. This network is intended to compensate for part of agricultural land damage that is submerged in Shahriar dam reservoir. Obviously, the main purpose of the dam construction is to save about 700 million cubic meters of water for the Gilan and Foumanat irrigation network and somehow it plays an important role for the Sefidrud dam. In short, less than 10% of the dam reservoir volume is allocated to irrigation network water supply.The present study investigates the EIA on the implementation of Shahriyar Dam irrigation network design on the physical, biological, and social, economic and cultural components. In this research, the Leopold matrix method is used for EIA. This method can be cost effective in time, cost and volume due to quantitative design results. One of the important innovations of this research is in the type of the case study. In this study, the environmental impacts assessment of irrigation network of Shahriar dam is evaluated. This network is intended to compensate for part of agricultural land damage that is submerged in Shahriar dam reservoir. Obviously, the main purpose of the dam construction is to save about 700 million cubic meters of water for the Gilan and Foumanat irrigation network and somehow it plays an important role for the Sefidrud dam. In short, less than 10% of the dam reservoir volume is allocated to irrigation network water supply.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8512_6efb450514194440d15c8547e075d580.pdfUniversity of TabrizJournal of Civil and Environmental Engineering2008-7918489320190121Improved Compressive, Tensile and Flexural Strength of Non-Reinforced Specimens and Reinforced Beams Including ZeoliteImproved Compressive, Tensile and Flexural Strength of Non-Reinforced Specimens and Reinforced Beams Including Zeolite103113851310.22034/ceej.2019.8513FAMohammad KazemSharbatdarFaculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan UniversityMajidOruhiFaculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan UniversityJournal Article20190213In recent years the natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material (Ahmadi, Shekarchi, 2010) and natural zeolite as construction materials were used in different countries and for different special concretes (Feng, Peng, 2005; Türkmen, Aydin, 2010; and Uzal, Turanli, Mehta, 2007). In the present paper, results of experimental investigations on using zeolite and silica fume as two pozolane materials in concrete mixes at two different cases of separately and mixed together and their effects on compressive, tensile and flexural strengths are presented. In this research program, experimental study was followed by selecting and designing eight different concrete mixes containing constant water-cement ratio equal 0.5 with reference mix without any mineral material. Then zeolite and silica fume were added separately and mixed together to concrete replacing with percentage of cement weight. Zeolite with three percent of 5, 10, 15 percent and silica fume with 7% were considered. Two different mechanical and structural specimens were casted, 48 compressive cubic and 24 tensile strength cylinder and 24 non-reinforce flexural strength beams as mechanical specimens were cast. And also 8 structural reinforced beam specimens were cast based for measuring flexural capacity.In recent years the natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material (Ahmadi, Shekarchi, 2010) and natural zeolite as construction materials were used in different countries and for different special concretes (Feng, Peng, 2005; Türkmen, Aydin, 2010; and Uzal, Turanli, Mehta, 2007). In the present paper, results of experimental investigations on using zeolite and silica fume as two pozolane materials in concrete mixes at two different cases of separately and mixed together and their effects on compressive, tensile and flexural strengths are presented. In this research program, experimental study was followed by selecting and designing eight different concrete mixes containing constant water-cement ratio equal 0.5 with reference mix without any mineral material. Then zeolite and silica fume were added separately and mixed together to concrete replacing with percentage of cement weight. Zeolite with three percent of 5, 10, 15 percent and silica fume with 7% were considered. Two different mechanical and structural specimens were casted, 48 compressive cubic and 24 tensile strength cylinder and 24 non-reinforce flexural strength beams as mechanical specimens were cast. And also 8 structural reinforced beam specimens were cast based for measuring flexural capacity.https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8513_e61c830ecb668a67aca0e097281c00c8.pdf