University of Tabriz Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2008-7918 54 117 2025 02 19 Investigating the relationship between water penetration rate and surface strength of concrete in severe ice and ice melting conditions and developing a new theory Investigating the relationship between water penetration rate and surface strength of concrete in severe ice and ice melting conditions and developing a new theory 93 105 19433 10.22034/ceej.2025.61955.2360 FA Mahmood Naderi Civil Engineering Faculty, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Ali Saberi Varzaneh Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Sardar Wali Din Ph.D. Student, Civil Engineering Faculty, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 04 With increasing age, the compressive strength of concrete increases. Laboratory research has shown that with increasing compressive strength, water penetration in concrete decreases. However, in the existing theories, the effect of concrete age has not been taken into account to measure permeability. Also, in Darcy's equation, water penetration is considered one-dimensional, but water penetration into concrete is in several directions. The surface resistance of concrete can also have a close relationship with the value of permeability. Therefore, in this article, by expanding a theory, a new equation has been presented, which by distancing itself from cases such as one-dimensional or two-dimensional water diffusion, by using the size and distribution of pores inside the concrete, the amount of water infiltration rate into concrete can be measured with high accuracy. The rate of water in concrete was also measured using the cylindrical-chamber test and the results were compared with the theoretical model. Using the friction-friction test, the surface strength was determined and its relationship with the permeability value was obtained. In addition to the normal conditions, the laboratory samples were subjected to severe ice and ice melting conditions and its effect on the surface resistance, penetration rate and their relationship were investigated. The obtained results show the high accuracy of the new model in measuring the water infiltration rate. Also, in addition to the negative effect of acute conditions on the water infiltration rate, there is an inverse relationship between permeability and surface resistance of concrete in normal and acute conditions. With increasing age, the compressive strength of concrete increases. Laboratory research has shown that with increasing compressive strength, water penetration in concrete decreases. However, in the existing theories, the effect of concrete age has not been taken into account to measure permeability. Also, in Darcy's equation, water penetration is considered one-dimensional, but water penetration into concrete is in several directions. The surface resistance of concrete can also have a close relationship with the value of permeability. Therefore, in this article, by expanding a theory, a new equation has been presented, which by distancing itself from cases such as one-dimensional or two-dimensional water diffusion, by using the size and distribution of pores inside the concrete, the amount of water infiltration rate into concrete can be measured with high accuracy. The rate of water in concrete was also measured using the cylindrical-chamber test and the results were compared with the theoretical model. Using the friction-friction test, the surface strength was determined and its relationship with the permeability value was obtained. In addition to the normal conditions, the laboratory samples were subjected to severe ice and ice melting conditions and its effect on the surface resistance, penetration rate and their relationship were investigated. The obtained results show the high accuracy of the new model in measuring the water infiltration rate. Also, in addition to the negative effect of acute conditions on the water infiltration rate, there is an inverse relationship between permeability and surface resistance of concrete in normal and acute conditions. https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_19433_9c37a0aff62ee0162ab43606c8f38e2b.pdf