Propagation of BTEX Compounds of Gasoline in Saturated and Unsaturated Soil
Kazem
Badv
Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University
author
Bahareh
Mohammad Seyyedi
Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University
author
text
article
2016
per
BTEX compounds are light hydrocarbons in the gasoline which have attracted attention due to their long-term toxicity and deteriorating effects on the environment [1, 2]. In this study, the propagation of BTEX compounds in unsaturated and saturated zones of soil was investigated by the finite element method. The propagation of different components of BTEX was compared and the contributing factors on their propagation and transportation in water, gas and oil phases were evaluated. The results showed that when the hydraulic conductivity of the soil is high, the effect of physical properties of light hydrocarbon on extend of propagation is pronounced and the BTEX compounds propagation depth is very sensitive to the van Genuchten’s coefficient of α. Comparing the extend of propagation of BTEX compounds in different phases shows that the maximum propagation in the water and gas phases belongs to benzene and in the oil phase belongs to ethyl-benzene. The results showed that the adopted theoretical model is accurate enough to predict the propagation pattern of the light hydrocarbon contaminants in saturated and unsaturated soils.
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
1
15
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5598_c04a5c38dd84915d1dde864a5aa126db.pdf
Modal Identification of an Arch Dam Using Combined Frequency Domain Decomposition and Wavelet Transform Method
Arman
Roshanravan
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Urmia University
author
Reza
Tarinejad
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
Majid
Damadipour
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
Hamed
Mahjoob
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2016
per
Operational modal analysis is used to extract the modal parameters of the system based on the responses of the system. Due to the complexity of dam-foundation-reservoir system, accurate measurement of the input excitation to the dam body in not possible. Therefore, in the operational modal analysis methods, the dynamic properties of the system are identified only based on the responses of the system [1]. In classical system identification methods, the structure vibrates due to an external force which may cause it to be out of operation during tests. In addition, the forced vibration tests put the structure in danger of possible damage [2]. Utilizing of ambient vibrations to obtain modal parameters of the system is one of the most important advantages of the operational modal analysis in comparison with classical methods. Low amplitude and low signal to noise ratio of ambient vibration can cause inaccuracy and uncertainty in the identified modal characteristics therefore several signal processing methods should be used to increase the accuracy of the results.
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
17
29
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5823_35c16b082c8ceeadb975375f6e46804a.pdf
Long-Time Investigation of Chloride Permeation in Metakaolin Concrete in Splash Zone in Qeshm Island
Mohammad
Shekarchizadeh
School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran
author
Atiye
Farahani
School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran
author
Mohammad Hosein
Tadayon
School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran
author
Rayehe
Khaghanpour
School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran
author
text
article
2016
per
Today, concrete structures have a crucial role in the infrastructure of society. The conditions and performance of these structures are important. In recent years, due to corrosion phenomenon, a number of concrete structures in Southern areas of Iran have suffered damage or premature failure. Concrete damage in the chloride environments is the most common failure of reinforced concrete structures and an important problem for civil engineers which today they are faced with the maintenance of them. Recent societal shift toward sustainable consumption and growth applied to civil infrastructure systems requires the construction materials to be designed and used with utmost attention to their durability and long term response. Pozzolanic materials including silica fume, fly ash, slag, and metakaolin have been used in recent decades for developing high performance concrete with improved workability, strength and durability. Metakaolin has been used as a pozzolan for high performance concrete applications. This material is a thermally activated alumino-silicate which is mostly manufactured by calcinations of kaolin clay at the temperature range of 500-850°C [1].
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
31
38
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5661_3714b3e819d3304f67efce0fd86dc357.pdf
Evaluation of the Frictional Behavior of Pile in Sandy Soil Using
Loading Test
Issa
Shooshpasha
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Babol University of Technology
author
Behzad
Saeedi
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Babol University of Technology
author
text
article
2016
per
The piles are foundations that transfer the load from building to the subsoil. And generally used in situations where spread or mat footings are not the best choice. Some examples include situations where the surface soil is weak and compressible, the structural loads are very high the upper soil is subjected to scour, and horizontal load capacity is required Due to poor bearing capacity and settlement of the soil, application of the piles have a long history Correct estimation of bearing capacity of piles is one of important issues that is always under attention of geotechnical researchers, because determination of ultimate bearing capacity of piles is required for their safe designing. The effect of various issues such as inhomogeneous, and variety of the soil, water, the diversity of the various combinations of the soil in nature, possibility of the creep, complicate behavior of stress-strain, complicate interaction of the soil and pile, pile material, and methods of construction make some difficulties in determination of the bearing capacity. Transmission of load from the pile to the soil is by the shaft friction and toe. it is important to know the exact of amount the friction resistance, therefore in this study, the shaft resistance of piles in Sorkhrood sandy soil was investigated through 14 pressure loading tests on small scale concrete piles with different dimensions and the obtained results were compared with the results of some other methods.
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
39
50
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5599_ac5adaa234019c4eea9cd05f2169f456.pdf
Developing Fragility Curves for Precast Concrete Structures
Masoud
Farzam
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
Majid
Barghian
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
Bita
Arghavani Khah
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2016
per
The use of precast concrete structures - due to better quality and reduced time to build- is a suitable economic option for multi-story buildings. In many countries, prefabricated structural systems are generally very economical structures compared with other conventional residential structures. Prefabricated structures are classified in four categories: large panel systems, frame systems, columns - slabs together with wall systems and complex systems. The system which will be addressed in this study is the large panel system. This system can be applied to structures in which the precast load bearing walls are used as the main system to withstand large loads. As the seismic behavior of these structures severely depends on vertical and horizontal connections between panels, therefore the behavior of these connections are studied in this research. Horizontal connections are the connections which are placed horizontally and are used to connect panels laterally. Vertical connections connect upper parts of a panel to the lower parts. Due to the placement of the panels together, three distinct forms of structures built with prefabricated panels are classified as follows:
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
51
61
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5600_00527bc1feef75fe6b4d39f7fab6649c.pdf
Determine the Optimal ZLD Process for Reuse of Reverse Osmosis Effluent
Mehrnaz
Sheibanifar
Faculty of Water Engineering, Bandar Abbas Azad University
author
Masoud
Noshadi
Faculty of Water Engineering, Shiraz University
author
text
article
2016
per
Need for urban water supply in many parts of the world has become a crisis. The need for affordable inland desalination has become critical in many regions of the world where communities strive to meet rapidly growing water demands with limited freshwater supplies [1]. Among various desalination technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes currently have wide acceptance [2]. In ZLD, concentrated water is treated to produce desalinated water and essentially dry salts. Consequently, there is no discharge of liquid waste from the process [3]. There are a variety of process options that can be considered for the intermediate concentrate step including adsorption processes, chemical precipitation, and ion exchange, or even combinations of these processes [4]. Water that passes through the membrane is recovered as product water. As recovery of product water in RO is pushed to its sustainable limit, water on the feed side of the membrane becomes increasingly concentrated and supersaturated, with respect to sparingly soluble salts such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), barium sulfate (BaSO4), and silica (SiO2) [5, 6, 7]. If the feed solution becomes sufficiently supersaturated, these salts precipitate and form deposits on the membrane surface. Deposition of these inorganic precipitates on the membrane surface, referred to as scaling, reduces the permeability of the membrane [8, 9]. Therefore, recovery in RO systems is limited by the precipitation potential of sparingly soluble salts [10].
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
63
74
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5601_9571cf88a881a9773f8cb0ef97fd9703.pdf
Application of Leopold Matrix and Coding Methods for Environmental Impacts Assessment of Shahid Sadr Expressway in Tehran
Mohammad
Delnavaz
Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University
author
jalil
Khalesi
Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Kharazmi University
author
text
article
2016
per
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool for assisting environmental management and for contributing to sustainable development. EIA is very vital in large project that are conctructed in populated palaces. Environmental Assessment is now internationally accepted methodology for evaluating the effects of proposed major transport infrastructure projects on the environment [1]. EIA is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse [2]. UNEP defines EIA as a tool used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It aims to predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EIA both environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time of project implementation and design, avoided treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws and regulations [3]. Sadr elevated expressway is one of the most important project in Iran that was constructed between 2011-2013. Sadr expressway is located at municipal districts 1, 3 and 4, and geographic coordinates of 51 °, 25 ', 19 " to 51 °, 29', 52" east longitude, and 35 °, 46 ', 30 "to 35 °, 47 '35 " north latitude. The expressway has been constructed as a huge bridge over the existing Sadr freeway, in the north it is also limited to regions 1, 7, 8 of Tehran municipal district 1 and in the south, it has common border with regions 2 and 3 of municipal district 3 and region 3 of municipal district 4. The high bridge is located between Imam Ali and Modares expressways. The length designed for the expressway, including entrance ramps is 11 km.
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
77
87
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5602_f24b182a22dc2e000c7442a09a7051f1.pdf
Development of Reservoir Hydropower Generation Modelling by a New Approach
Seyed Ehsan
Fatemi
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah
author
Mozhgan
Pakbin
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah
author
Maryam
Hafezparast Mavadat
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah
author
text
article
2016
per
By increasing of population rate in the world, the energy demand is increasing simultaneously. Nowadays, regarding to hydropower developing plans for achieving to clean energy sources has particular importance in the world. Hydropower plants are the one of the biggest world potential in energy generation having the minimum environmental problems [1]. Reservoir operation is one of the most important issues in the various problems of water resources. A reservoir operation policy is consist of rules which are determined the amount of water allocated or released from a reservoir [2]. Integrated water resources management is more considered to operate reservoirs in the water basin rather than past. It considers the hydropower demand as an independent water user with other water demands to reservoirs operation policy [3]. The subject matter of energy generation is the most important issue on hydropower plants in the seasons of a year or in the hours of daylight. In the other words, determination of installed capacity and designed discharge are the important factors in designing of hydropower plants. In case, a new developed algorithm of hydropower energy generation simulation is introduced by Matlab software in this study. This developed model is applied to simulate power generation of Abolabas reservoir system which is located in the west south of Iran, Khozestan province.
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
89
99
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5603_3fcee5496409106e07a0fc5d76ec5361.pdf
Supervised Intelligent Committee Machine Method for Groundwater Level Prediction
Ata Allah
Nadiri
Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz
author
Fatemeh
Vahedi
Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz
author
Asghar
Asghari Moghaddam
Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz
author
Ali
Kadkhodaie
Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz
author
text
article
2016
per
Groundwater is an important water resource supplying agricultural, domestic, and industrial needs. Hence, studying and investigation of this vital source is necessary. Over extraction of groundwater cause adverse effects, such as major water level declines [1], consequently water-quality degradation, land subsidence [2], and saltwater intrusion. Therefore, accurate prediction of groundwater level will help planer and managers of water resources and prevent the mentioned effects. The literature shows the success of using artificial intelligence (AI) models in the field of groundwater level such as artificial neural network (ANN) [3], fuzzy logic (FL) [4], and support vector machine (SVM) [5]. Although several studies are reported in the literature that use Supervised committee machine artificial intelligence (SCMAI) as a modeling technique in the field of hydrology e.g. [6] to combine the results of different models to reap the advantages of all AI. This study applied a supervised committee machine with an artificial intelligent (SCMAI) method that replaces linear combination with an artificial neural network. In the SCMAI the ANN receives individual model estimations as input variables and re-predicts the groundwater level. The Meshginshahr plain is located in Northwest Iran in the Province of Ardabil (Fig. 1). The aquifer of this plain is unconfined. The prevailing climate in this plain is semiarid-cold. The average annual temperature and rainfall are 11.66 ˚C and 292 mm respectively. Sabalan Mount with the height of 4814 meters asml, is the highest point in the study area
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering
2008-7918
46.3
v.
84
no.
2016
101
112
https://ceej.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5604_8a88dc20cfe9e568f6dbf220c095748a.pdf